First line in psychiatric emergency: Pre-hospital emergency protocol for mental disorders in Iran

Introduction: This article is a report of designing a rapid and effective guide for paramedics who take care of patients in a pre-hospital setting to answer developing demands. Methods: The relevant literature was reviewed, and the topics were extracted. Then, the extracted items were discussed in an expert panel. Finally, items were discussed in a meeting including emergency technicians and emergency technical assistants to identify implementation problems. Results: Important topics for managing psychiatric patients were categorized at three levels: 1) Patient safety and security issues, 2) Patient status assessment and diagnosis, and 3) Patient management (medical, behavioral management, and referral to a treatment center). Discussion: This protocol can be a solution to improve emergency technician training. Such summarized protocols can be used for rapid review immediately before exposing a patient with an acute psychiatric condition. Due to specific cultural and different access to medicines in Iran, some issues are different. © 2020 The Author(s)

Promoting physical activity participation among adolescents: The barriers and the suggestions

Background: Physical activity is a complex behavior. To designing the effective intervention, qualitative researches may be allowed for greater understanding of the reasons behind the adolescences� physical activity�related behaviors�. Methods: Using the grounded theory approach, including semi�structured focus group discussions (FGDs) and in�depth interviews, we conducted a quantitative study to elicit the adolescents and key informants� opinion regarding the satiation, needs, social and environmental barriers of adolescents� physical activity. For FGDs, participants were selected from volunteered adolescent (aged 10�19 years) of the populated western part of Tehran, which was selected as a research field. Key informants were invited from the health professionals and experts in the field of adolescents� health. Results: According to findings, although the majority of participants agreed on the important role of physical activity, the lack of essential motivation and the pressure of educational assignments remove it from the daily program priorities. Lack of a safe environment for girls� physical activity and high cost of professional sports were two first mentioned barriers. It was also suggested that future interventions should focus on improving more parents� engagement and their direct participation in physical activities with their adolescents. Conclusions: We proposed the participatory strategies for adolescent�s physical activity promotion. Through which target groups participation during the designing, development, and implementation of health programs led to more effective interventions. © 2015 Peykari N

Hepatitis B virus infection in Iranian hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hemodialysis patients and its associated adverse health consequences are a worldwide health priority. This systematic review aimed to provide evidence on HBV infection in Iranian hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods. Through a comprehensive systematic review of literature, which led to meta-analysis of findings, we estimated the pooled prevalence of HBV infection in Iranian hemodialysis patients. The main international electronic data sources were MEDLINE, Institute of Scientific Information, and Scopus. We also search several Persian-language databases. All cross-sectional and analytical studies conducted in Iran concerning HBV infection were included irrespective of date and language. Results. Of 602 publications retrieved from literature search, 66 met the inclusion criteria, and 36 were eligible for including in the study. The prevalence rate varied from zero to 9.75 across different provinces. The national prevalence of HBV was reported between 2.1 and 18.2. Significant heterogeneity was found between reported prevalence rates (I2 = 83.5, P < .001), as a result of which, we used random effect analysis. Results of meta-analysis showed that the estimated pooled prevalence was 4 (95 confidence interval, 3.3 to 4.7). Conclusions. To our knowledge, this was the first comprehensive systematic review of HBV infection in the hemodialysis patients of Iran. Results could be useful for informed health policy making and planning further studies in this field. © 2018, Iranian Society of Nephrology. All rights reserved

Association between aggressive behaviors, life satisfaction, self-rated health and counseling with family members among children and adolescents: The CASPIAN- IV study

Background: Aggressive behaviors are common in the pediatric age and counseling with parents should be one of the main preventive and therapeutic starategies. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the frequency of aggressive behaviors, life satisfaction (LS) and self- rated health (SRH) and counseling with family members and friends in a representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this nationwide study, 14,880 school students, aged 6-18 years, were selected by cluster and stratified multi-stage sampling method from 30 provinces in Iran. The World Health Organization Global School-based Health Survey questionnaire(WHO-GSHS) was used. Mental disorders were assessed through the WHO-GSHS questionnaire that consisted of worthless, angriness, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, depression, and worried. Results: Overall, 13,486 students (49.2 girls) with mean (standard deviationSD) age of 12.47(3.36) years participated the study. The prevalence of physical fight, victim, and bully was lower in children and adolescents who consulted with their father compared those who did not consult (P < 0.05). Physical fight and bully were less prevalent in children and adolescents who consulted with their mother and friends compared those who did not consult (P < 0.001). Also, the prevalence of LS and SRH "good" was also lower in children and adolescents who share their problem with their father or mother compared with those who did not consult (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Counseling with family members was associated with low physical fight, low bully, good sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and LS. So, children and adolescents should be encouraged to consult with their parents about their problems

Association between aggressive behaviors, life satisfaction, self-rated health and counseling with family members among children and adolescents: The CASPIAN- IV study

Background: Aggressive behaviors are common in the pediatric age and counseling with parents should be one of the main preventive and therapeutic starategies. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the frequency of aggressive behaviors, life satisfaction (LS) and self- rated health (SRH) and counseling with family members and friends in a representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this nationwide study, 14,880 school students, aged 6-18 years, were selected by cluster and stratified multi-stage sampling method from 30 provinces in Iran. The World Health Organization Global School-based Health Survey questionnaire(WHO-GSHS) was used. Mental disorders were assessed through the WHO-GSHS questionnaire that consisted of worthless, angriness, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, depression, and worried. Results: Overall, 13,486 students (49.2 girls) with mean (standard deviationSD) age of 12.47(3.36) years participated the study. The prevalence of physical fight, victim, and bully was lower in children and adolescents who consulted with their father compared those who did not consult (P < 0.05). Physical fight and bully were less prevalent in children and adolescents who consulted with their mother and friends compared those who did not consult (P < 0.001). Also, the prevalence of LS and SRH "good" was also lower in children and adolescents who share their problem with their father or mother compared with those who did not consult (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Counseling with family members was associated with low physical fight, low bully, good sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and LS. So, children and adolescents should be encouraged to consult with their parents about their problems