Low Carbon Development Strategy on Land Use Sector in Ciliwung Middle-stream Watershed

The second (2nd) and third (3rd) segment of Ciliwung middle-stream watershed land use have changed drastically over the past two decades. The second (2nd) and third (3rd) segment of Ciliwung middle-stream watershed land use have changed drastically over the past two decades. This paper analyses the land use change from 1989-2012 and its impact on decreasing carbon stock or increasing CO2 eq emission, as well as to establish projected Reference Level (RL) to 2020. Best RL projection was used to establish the Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) in both segments. The land use changing from 1989-2012 indicated a reduction of green space area by 2,575.57 ha whereas the non-green space area increased by 2,575.57 ha. These changes decreases the carbon stock by 26,900 ton C and released CO eq emission by about 98,723 ton CO2eq. Population growth, demand on land and land constraints were found to be the driving factors of land use changes in this area. Reference Level 2020 was established based on business as usual (BAU) and forward looking (FL) scenarios. The projection showed that FL was the best scenario which estimated carbon storage at 217,610 ton C in 2020. Low carbon development strategy directed to the area of green space added up to 20% carbon storage through the implementation of the strategy based on green space and non-green space which covered the areas from protection, supervision, extension or awareness and law enforcement

The Challenges of Food Security Policy in Indonesia: Lesson Learned From Vietnam, India, and Japan

Food security is a fundamental issue for a country or state. In Indonesia, there are still many problems related to food, ranging from production to distribution problems. Indonesia's national food consumption is still dominated by grains, so its availability becomes important for the community. In this article, case studies on the availability and food security issues from three selected countries (Vietnam, India and Japan) are presented. Vietnam is one of the ASEAN members that has successfully built its food industries. Over the last thirty years, Vietnam has transformed from a food crisis country to a food-secure country.  Meanwhile, India is a large and populous country that has built institutional systems in order to establish its national food policy. Other more advanced lessons are from Japan, which has developed its agriculture industry to achieve food security and sovereignty. Japan has successfully developed advanced technology in its agriculture and food industries. The technology is generated through synergy between the government, the private sector, and university, and reasonable to be implemented. Indonesia could learn important lessons from the three countries, particularly in building systems and institutions to manage food supplies (rice) and distribution channels.  In addition, the Indonesian government should encourage the development of technology, such as to build data, improve the productivity and quality of the food, as well as the distribution system. By working on this, food policy making and implementation to achieve food security and sustainability will be effective and efficient

Scenario on Indonesian Coal Governance

Coal as a non-renewable natural resource is still an important source of energy for Indonesia and is projected to continue into the future. The System Dynamics simulation shows that in 2030, Indonesia is predisposed to experiencing market failure, namely a gap between supply and demand, if referencing only to existing reserves and current production capacity that tends to increase from year to year. The governance of Indonesian coal is a multi-faceted governance whereby various policies, norms, and behavioral patterns as interactions between government, business actors, and communities, either individually or together, can influence the governance of Indonesian coal and which therefore necessitates alternative scenarios to take these factors into account. An ideal alternative scenario is a balance between “the gas pedal and brake”, as current improvements thus far cannot only be focused on a single aspect or factor. Production capacity must be controlled, whereby level of coal production is prioritized to meet domestic needs first. Next, the allocation of coal for export must be limited. The opportunity to increase export capacity is open when domestic needs have been fulfilled and domestic market capacity has reached a positive point, which is projected to occur after 2040