The Association of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors with Smoking Cessation

Background: Smoking cessation rates have remained stagnant globally. Environment factor plays an important role in the likelihood of achieving quitting from smoking. This study aimed to investigate the association of socioeconomic and environmental factors with smoking cessation. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Surakarta, in December 2017. A sample of 165 adults was selected for this study by snowball sampling. The dependent variable was smoking cessation. The independent variables were addiction, stress, cigarette purchase, smoking duration, subjective norm, and social support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Smoking cessation directly decreased with high stress (b= -0.65; 95% CI= -1.36 to 0.07; p= 0.077), high addiction (b= -1.76; 95% CI= -2.51 to - 1.01; p<0.001), and high purchasing power (b= -0.88; 95% CI= -1.61 to -0.15; p= 0.018). Smoking cessation was indirectly affected by smoking duration, subjective norm, and social support. Conclusion: Smoking cessation is directly decreased with high stress, high addiction, and high purchasing power. Smoking cessation was indirectly affected by smoking duration, subjective norm, and social support Keywords: smoking cessation, addiction, stress, cigarrete purchase, smoking duration, subjective norm, social suppor

Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Successful Smoking Cessation in Surakarta, Central Java

Background: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. Seventy percent of smokers would like to quit smoking, and 50 percent report attempting to quit within the past year. Smoking cessation (also known as quitting smoking) is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking. Tobacco cessation significantly reduces the risk of dying from tobacco-related diseases such as coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. This study aimed to determine the biopsychosocial factors associated with successful smoking cessation using Health Belief Model (HBM), PRECEDE-PROCEED model, and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Surakarta, in December 2017, with a sample of 165 study subjects consisting of 68 ex-smokers who were successful and 97 smokers who were unsuccessful in smoking cessation. The sample was selected by snowball sampling. The dependent variable was smoking cessation. The independent variables were intention to quit smoking, attitude toward smoking cessation, outcome expectation, addiction, stress, perceived behavioral control (PBC), subjective norm, social support, family income, purchasing power, smoking duration, and access to a cigarette. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: Successful smoking cessation directly increased with strong intention (b= 2.39, SE= 0.51, p< 0.001). Successful smoking cessation directly decreased with duration of smoking (≥10 years) (b= -3.46; SE= 0.57; p< 0.001) and easy access to cigarettes (b= -1.28; SE= 0.52; p= 0.008). Successful smoking cessation indirectly increased with positive attitude, positive subjective norm, strong PBC, positive outcome expectation, and social support. Successful smoking cessation indirectly decreased with high purchasing power, duration of smoking (≥ 10 years), addiction, stress, and high income. Conclusion: Successful smoking cessation increases with strong intention, but decreases with smoking duration, stress, and access to a cigarette. Successful smoking cessation is indirectly affected by attitude, addiction, PBC, subjective norm, social support, outcome expectation, family income, and purchasing power. Keywords: smoking cessation, Health Belief Model, PRECEDE-PROCEED, Theory of Planned Behavio

Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance in Pregnant Women: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Pregnant women infected with COVID-19 were more likely to develop more severe cases than those who are not pregnant. While existing international guidelines have not prioritized routine vaccination of all pregnant women due to a lack of data on safety and effectiveness, vaccination of pregnant women is still voluntary. It was essential to understand the factors that influence the acceptance of vaccination in pregnant women, which will significantly contribute to the return of society to a pre-pandemic state. This study aimed to analyze the reasons and factors that make pregnant women receive the COVID-19 vaccination. Subjects and Method: This study was a meta-analysis. Online articles from 2010 to 2020 were searched from databases, including Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Science Direct. The PICO was as follows. Population= pregnant women. Intervention= age>25 years old, higher education, better knowledge. Comparison= age<25 years old, lower education, poorer knowledge. Outcome= acceptance of vacci-nation COVID-19. Keywords "pregnant" AND "COVID-19 vaccination", "preg¬nancy" AND "vaccination and factor associated", "pregnant women" AND "acceptance and COVID-19 vaccination". The data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 application. Results: A total of five articles were included for meta-analysis. The data showed that pregnant women having a bachelor's degree or above (OR= 2.97; 95% CI= 1.98 to 4.45; p <0.001) and being over 25 years old (OR= 2.92; 95% CI= 2.22 to 3.85; p<0.001) were associated with an increased chance of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Although better knowledge about vaccination was influential, it was statistically non-significant (OR= 6.42; 95% CI= 0.83 to 49.52; p= 0.070). Conclusion: The chance of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance increases with having a bachelor's degree or above and being over 25 years old in pregnant women. Keywords: vaccine, acceptance, COVID-19, pregnant women Correspondence: Catur Setyorini. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi Jl. West Ringroad 63, Yogyakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081229895846