Assessing energy efficiency factors in industrial companies

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that changes in the energy management policy at the national level, rising energy prices and increased state environmental control over production prompt industry to develop effective organizational and technical solutions in the field of energy management. The aim of the study is to identify energy management factors that determine the success or failure of the implementation of energy efficiency measures in industrial companies. In the empirical part of the study, the case-stage method was used to analyze the energy management practice of large metallurgical enterprises, where the problems of energy conservation are especially acute due to the high energy intensity of production. A promising direction in such an environment is the integration of structural components used to support decisions and social components represented by staff commitment and accumulated energy-efficient human capital. The main results can be applied in the practice of energy system management in the development of strategic planning processes, the adoption of sound investment decisions and the formation of energy-efficient human capital. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd

Update on the Combined Analysis of Muon Measurements from Nine Air Shower Experiments

Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and experimentally measured air showers, others reported no discrepancies. We will present an update of the meta-analysis of muon measurements from nine air shower experiments, covering shower energies between a few PeV and tens of EeV and muon threshold energies from a few 100 MeV to about 10GeV. In order to compare measurements from different experiments, their energy scale was cross-calibrated and the experimental data has been compared using a universal reference scale based on air shower simulations. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon excess with respect to simulations for all hadronic interaction models, which is increasing with shower energy. For EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04 the significance of the slope of the increase is analyzed in detail under different assumptions of the individual experimental uncertainties