Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors and H2 Receptor Antagonists on the Ileum Motility

Objectives. To investigate the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists on ileum motility in rats with peritonitis and compare changes with control group rats. Methods. Peritonitis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in 8 rats. Another of 8 rats underwent a sham operation and were accepted as controls. Twenty-four hours later after the operation, the rats were killed, and their ileum smooth muscle was excised and placed in circular muscle direction in a 10 mL organ bath. Changes in amplitude and frequency of contractions were analyzed before and after PPIs and H2 receptor blockers. Results. PPI agents decreased the motility in a dose-dependent manner in ileum in both control and intraabdominal sepsis groups. While famotidine had no significant effect on ileum motility, ranitidine and nizatidine enhanced motility in ileum in both control and intraabdominal sepsis groups. This excitatory effect of H2 receptor antagonists and inhibitor effects of PPIs were significantly high in control group when compared to the peritonitis group. The inhibitor effect of pantoprazole on ileum motility was significantly higher than the other two PPI agents. Conclusions. It was concluded that H2 receptor antagonists may be more effective than PPIs for recovering the bowel motility in the intraabdominal sepsis situation

Serum nesfatin-1 levels: a potential new biomarker in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Annual Meeting of the Congress-of-Neurological-Surgeons (CNS) -- SEP 26-30, 2015 -- New Orleans, LAWOS: 000389642100007PubMed: 26872406Background: Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological emergency with significant potential for long-term morbidity and mortality. Nesfatin-1 is a polypeptide which is found in various regions of the brain that play role in the feeding and metabolic regulation. Objective: So this study aimed to investigate if nesfatin-1 levels in patients with SAH, could be used as a marker for the severity and prognosis. Method: Forty-eight consecutive patients (except those excluded) admitted to the emergency service of our hospital and hospitalized at our clinic with the diagnosis of aneurysmal SAH between 2011 and 2013 were included in the study and followed up for six months for outcome. the control group consisted of 48 healthy individuals of similar age and gender. Results: During the 6-month follow-up, 7 of 48 patients died and 16 (33.3%) patients had poor Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) scores. in the study group, themean nesfatin-1 level was significantly higher than the control group (7.36 +/- 2.5 pg/ml and 4.29 +/- 2.02 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.01). the mean nesfatin-1 level was 11.58 +/- 0.87 pg/ml in the non-survival group and 6.64 +/- 1.89 pg/ml in the survival group. Furthermore, it was 10.22 +/- 1.42 pg/ml in patients with poor outcome in terms of GOS and 5.93 +/- 1.46 pg/ml in those with good outcome. the nesfatin-1 levels significantly increased with worsening of GOS, the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grading system, and Fisher scores and increasing plasma C-reactive protein levels (p < 0.01 for all). Conclusion: the present study is the first that shows the mortality/poor outcome of the SAH with assessing serum nesfatin-1 levels. So levels of nesfatin-1 might be useful in SAH management.Congress Neurol Sur

Protective effects of amifostine, curcumin and melatonin against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (vol 391, pg 915, 2018)

Mercantepe, Tolga/0000-0002-8506-1755; yilmaz, adnan/0000-0003-4842-1173WOS: 000461201900012PubMed: 30824949[No abstract available

Protective effects of amifostine, curcumin, and melatonin against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury

Mercantepe, Tolga/0000-0002-8506-1755; yilmaz, adnan/0000-0003-4842-1173WOS: 000441107600003PubMed: 29860655Despite the enormous advances made in the field of oncology, no solution to the side effect of nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin used as an antineoplastic agent for approximately 40 years has yet been discovered. This study investigated the effects of cisplatin on the kidney, the damage mechanism involved, and the potential capacity of agents such as amifostine, curcumin, and melatonin to elicit a future therapeutic protocol in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity at the ultrastructural and molecular levels. Our study consisted of five groups: control (saline solution only; group 1), cisplatin (cisplatin only; group 2), cisplatin + amifostine (group 3), cisplatin + curcumin (group 4), and cisplatin + melatonin (group 5). Rats in all groups except the control group were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin. All animals were sacrificed under anesthesia on the sixth day after cisplatin administration. Cisplatin increased serum urea and serum creatinine levels and caused an increase in tubular necrosis scores (TNS), HPS, NF-kappa B/p65, 8-OHdG, and caspase-3 expressions (p < 0.05). Additionally, we observed basal membrane thickening in glomerules, intense electron deposition in the subendothelial region, and atypical folds in podocyte pedicels. Amifostine, curcumin, and melatonin reduced the increases in serum urea and serum creatinine levels following cisplatin administration and reduced the levels of TNS, HPS, NF-kappa B/p65, 8-OHdG, and caspase-3 expressions (p < 0.05). ROS-scavenging antioxidants may be a promising means of preventing acute kidney disease in patients using cisplatin in the treatment of malignant tumors.Recep Tayyip Erdogan Universitesi [TSA-2016-652, 2016] Funding Source: Medlin

The effects of N-acetylcysteine on radiotherapy-induced small intestinal damage in rats

yilmaz, adnan/0000-0003-4842-1173; Rakici, Sema Yilmaz/0000-0002-5543-9761WOS: 000465937400005PubMed: 30786762Six million cancer patients worldwide receive radiotherapy, either alone or in combination with other cancer treatments annually. the purpose of this study was to investigate, at the structural and molecular levels, the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a powerful antioxidant, against radiotherapy-induced damage on the intestinal system. Three study groups were constituted: control (group 1: no radiotherapy), radiotherapy (RT; group 2), and RT + NAC (group 3). the NAC group received 300 mg/kg NAC orally for five days before irradiation. At the end of the 5th day, 6 Gy was irradiated once, and 300 mg/kg NAC was administered orally for two days following irradiation. NAC drug administration was maintained for a total of seven days. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized by the administration of anesthetic agents and sacrificed. the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and caspase-3 expression increased and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased in RT rats compared to the control group (p < 0.05). NAC reduced MDA levels, and caspase-3 expression, and increased GSH levels in the small intestine caused by RT (p < 0.05). Therefore, NAC may be useful in the prevention of gastrointestinal syndrome in patients undergoing radiotherapy in the treatment of malignancy. Impact statement Some six million cancer patients currently receive radiotherapy. Radiotherapy eliminates cancer cells by accelerating their death. However, radiotherapy is not selective, and it therefore harms healthy tissues around cancerous tissue. the latest studies have shown that the irradiation of biological materials causes a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tissue as a result of exposure of the target molecule to direct and indirect ionization. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant that permits the elimination of free oxygen radicals and that contributes to glutathione synthesis. Our study, therefore, examined the effects of radiation resulting from radiotherapy on the small intestine at the molecular level, and prospectively considered the potential protective characteristics of NAC against gastrointestinal syndrome resulting from radiotherapy

Protective effects of nebivolol on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat

WOS: 000571662500001PubMed: 32961615Aim Ovarian torsion is a common gynecological emergency of reproductive ages, occurring at rates of 2.7-7.4%. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Nebivolol (NEB) and histopathological changes in experimental ischemic (I) and ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries. Methods Forty-eight adult female rats were randomly separated into six groups as group 1 (control) receiving an oral saline solution for 3 days; group 2 (I) that underwent ischemia for 3 h with the application of atraumatic vascular clips; group 3 (I/R); group 4 (I + NEB) receiving 10 mg/kg NEB by oral gavage 30 min prior to the ischemia induction; group 5 (I/R + NEB) receiving 10 mg/kg NEB, and group 6 (control + NEB) receiving oral 10 mg/kg NEB for 3 days before ischemia induction followed by consequent reperfusion. Ovarian tissue damage was scored by histopathological analysis. Ovarian tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured biochemically. Results the levels of MDA and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and TUNEL assay positivity scores increased in the I and I/R groups. GSH levels decreased in all case groups (P < 0.05). the oral administration of NEB (10 mg/kg) to the I- and I/R-groups reduced the levels of MDA and TNF-alpha and TUNEL assay immunopositivity scores (P < 0.05). GSH levels increased in the treatment groups. Conclusion the current experimental ovarian torsion study suggests a protective role for NEB against I and I/R injury in rat ovaries. NEB may be a novel agent for decreasing ovarian I/R injury.Scientific Research Projects Unit of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University [TSA-2019-1041]This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Unit of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University (grant numbers TSA-2019-1041)

The radioprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine against x-radiation-induced renal injury in rats

Mercantepe, Tolga/0000-0002-8506-1755; Rakici, Sema Yilmaz/0000-0002-5543-9761WOS: 000500035700060PubMed: 31392607The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of radiotherapy on the kidney and the potential use of agents such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in developing a future therapeutic protocol for radiation-induced nephrotoxicity at the histopathological and biochemical levels. Our study consisted of three groups: control (oral saline solution only; group 1), irradiation (IR; group 2), and NAC + IR (group 3). the irradiation groups received a single dose of whole-body 6-Gy x-irradiation. the NAC group received 300 mg/kg by the oral route for 7 days, from 5 days before irradiation to 2 days after. All subjects were sacrificed under anesthesia 2 days after irradiation. IR increased tubular necrosis scores (TNS), MDA, and caspase-3 expression, while reducing renal tissue GSH levels. We also observed dilation in renal corpuscles and tubules. Capillary congestion was present in the intertubular spaces. NAC reduced the levels of TNS, MDA, and caspase-3 expression, but increased the levels of renal tissue GSH. ROS-scavenging antioxidants may represent a promising means of preventing renal injury in patients undergoing radiotherapy

An investigation of the effects of metformin on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Mercantepe, Tolga/0000-0002-8506-1755WOS: 000500178300003PubMed: 31730761Damage to the ovaries or tissue torsion can significantly reduce the ovarian reserve and thus cause severe gynecological and hormonal deficiencies. the discovery of new agents is always needed in the treatment of this condition. Metformin (MET) has been shown to be beneficial in attenuating ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury. Fifty-six female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups. Group 1 represented the control group (C), Group 2, the ischemia group (I), and Group 3, the ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R). Group 4, the ischemia (I) + 250 group, and Group 5, the ischemia (I) + 500 group, received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg MET, respectively. Group 6, the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) + 250 group, and Group 7, the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) + 500 group, received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg MET, respectively. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in ovarian tissue increased following I/R, while estradiol (E-2) levels decreased. Moreover, infiltration and diffuse edematous areas were observed in addition to diffuse vascular congestion and hemorrhage findings. Caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa beta) expression levels also increased. MDA and TNF-alpha concentrations decreased in the MET treatment groups, while GSH and E-2 levels increased. the findings showed that I/R causes ovarian damage through the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, MET application was effective in preventing damage in ovarian tissue by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines, caspase-3 and NF-kappa beta.Scientific Research Projects Unit of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University [TSA-2017-774]This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Unit of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University [grant numbers TSA-2017-774]

An investigation of the effects of N-acetylcysteine on radiotherapy-induced testicular injury in rats

Mercantepe, Tolga/0000-0002-8506-1755; Rakici, Sema Yilmaz/0000-0002-5543-9761WOS: 000457408700003PubMed: 30426142According to data issued by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2012, the estimated number of new cases of all types of cancer worldwide was estimated to exceed 10 million, and 6 million of whom receive radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is the treatment of cancer using ionizing radiation. Our study investigated the effects of x-radiation resulting from radiotherapy (RT) on the testis at the molecular level, and prospectively considered the potential protective characteristics of antioxidants against testicular damage resulting from x-radiation. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into five groups, control (group 1), abdominopelvic region 2-Gy-ionizing radiation (group 2), whole-body 6-Gy irradiation (group 3), 2Gy abdominopelvic region irradiation and 300mg/kg NAC treatment (group 4), and 6-Gy whole-body irradiation and 300mg/kg NAC treatment (group 5). Disorganization and vacuolization were observed in the epithelial layer in atrophic seminiferous tubules in the only ionizing radiation (IR) groups. in addition, Johnsen's score decreased in the only IR groups, while testis tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) tissue levels increased. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment groups Johnsen's score and tissue GSH levels increased than only IR groups. on the other hand, tissue MDA levels decreased in the NAC treatment groups. the findings showed that ionizing radiation caused apoptosis in germinal epithelial cells led to the oxidative stress-mediated testicular injury. on the other hand, NAC may be useful in the prevention of testicular injury-suppressed ROS production

The protective effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor against cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis via oxidative stress and inflammation

KOSTAKOGLU, UGUR/0000-0002-4589-0962; Mercantepe, Tolga/0000-0002-8506-1755WOS: 000506211900002PubMed: 31733315Aims: Sepsis is a severe public health problem affecting millions of individuals, with global mortality rates caused by lower respiratory tract infections are approximately 2.38 million people a year die from respiratory failure caused by infection. Although ACE is known to contribute to damage in septicemia, the pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis remain unclear. While mortality can be significantly reduced through effective and sensitive antibiotic therapy, antibiotic resistance restricts the use of these drugs, and the investigation of novel agents and targets is therefore essential. Our aim was to determine whether Perindopril (PER) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capable of preventing these adverse conditions resulting in injury in previous studies. Main methods: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into the control group, received oral saline solution alone for four days. the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, underwent only cecal ligation and puncture induced sepsis, while the CLP + PER (2 mg/kg) underwent cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis together with oral administration of 2 mg/kg PER for four days before induction of sepsis. Key findings: Malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-k beta/p65) levels increased in the CLP group. on the other hand, PER (2 mg/kg) oral administration to septic rats decreased MDA, TNF-alpha and increase glutathione (GSH) in the lung tissue. in addition, PER administration also decreased the lung tissue NF-kappa B and Caspase-3 immunopositivity against sepsis. Significance: PER treatment may represent a promising means of preventing sepsis-induced lung injury via antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects