Determination of adaptation levels and applications for fistulas care and protection to disease of patients with arteriovenous fistula

Introduction: The aims of this study were to the determinate adaptation to chronic disease, applications for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) care,  protection of hemodialysis (HD) patients with an AVF, and to determine the relationships between adaptation and application. Methods: This research is a prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional type of research. Sample of the study accounted for 180 patients who underwent HD. Research was completed with 114 patients. The research was conducted from July 2019 to September 2019, in two different dialysis centers in Osmaniye Province. The data were collected using The Patient Identification Form and Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale. Mean ± Standard deviation, percentages, and independent samples t-test analysis was used. Results: When the scale scores of the patients participating in the study were evaluated, determined to level of total adaptation with chronic disease and physical adaptation was to above the average score (40.24 ± 5.99). Social adaptation (21.82 ± 6.39) and psychological adaptation (22.91 ± 5.39) levels can be said to be moderate. Individuals who exercised with the ball to mature the fistula, who was careful to dress and keep the area dry on the 1st day of the operation, who was careful not to apply lotion to the fistula area, and who complied with the fluid restriction were found to have higher levels of adaptation with the disease. Conclusion: As a result, it is observed that the general and physical adaptation levels to chronic disease are above the average and social and psychological adaptation levels are medium-level. However, it is observed that the adaptation level of the participants who stated that they performed all applications for AVF care and protection properly is higher. In line with these findings, the adaptation level of patients should be increased by a patient-centred and multifaceted approach

A SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY: BRAIN FOG SCALE

Background: This research was conducted to objectively evaluate the level of brain fog that may develop due to many reasons. Subjects and methods: This was a methodological study. This study was conducted in Turkey. Content validity ratio, EFA, CFA, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin analysis and Bartlett’s test of sphericity, Item analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown, Guttman Analysis and test-retest correlations validity-reliability analysis were performed. The statistical meaningfulness level in all tests was determined as p<0.05. Results: As a result of context validity, factor analysis and item analysis, a 30 item scale with 3 subscale was obtained. The variance amount explained by the 3 subscale was on a very good level (77.43%). The fact that all of the Cronbach alpha, Spearman- Brown and Guttman internal consistency coefficients of the scale and all of its subscale are above 0.70. When the test retest reliability coefficients of the scale was examined, the scale was found to present consistent results in different applications and the scale was found to be reliable with regard to the constancy coefficient. Conclusion: The Brain Fog Scale consists of 30 items and 3 subscales. It is a valid and reliable instrument

The effect on anxiety level of coronary angiographic result and the perception of pain

Background: The problems and complications experienced by the patients who underwent a CAG due to their pain and anxiety can be minimized through a care plan prepared to meet their needs and a coordinated teamwork. In this prospective and descriptive study we aimed at determining the effect of coronary angiography results and perceived pain on anxiety level in patients who undergoing coronary angiography.Methods: The study was carried out with patients who were implemented coronary angiography for the first time at the cardiology clinic of Osmaniye private new life hospital between May 2014 and August 2014. The study data were collected using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), a verbal pain rating scale and a questionnaire that was prepared by the investigators. The descriptive data are given in the form of arithmetic mean Standard Deviation (SD), numbers and percentage distribution. The correlations between the variables were assessed using crosstabs, one-way ANOVA and the Pearson's correlation analysis. The data were evaluated in 95% confidence interval and at a significance level of P <0.05.  Results: 35.9% of the patients stated that they felt severe pain. The mean anxiety score was 36.746.81 and those who felt very severe and unbearable pain had higher mean anxiety scores (P <0.01). Those who had three coronary diseases had higher anxiety levels (41.149.30) than those who had an atherosclerotic stenosis and #8805;50% (normal) (35.945.49) (P <0.01). Gender had an influence on pain levels (P <0.01).  Conclusion: Coronary angiography results and pain perception were determined to be statistically significant effects on anxiety level. A statistically significant correlation was found between pain and anxiety. In general, pain and anxiety affect each other positively; an increase in one results in an increase in the other.

5-YEAR CLINICAL RESULTS OF 1073 PATIENTS WITH VARICOSE VEINS TREATED USING RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION, ENDOVENOUS LASER ABLATION AND CYANOACRYLATE EMBOLISATION

Background: There is little research on the long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation, endovenous laser ablation, and cyanoacrylate embolization. This study retrospectively examined the clinical results of radiofrequency ablation, endovenous laser ablation, and cyanoacrylate embolization methods. Materials and Methods: The population of the study consisted of 1256 patients who applied to the clinic with the diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency between the specified dates and were treated with endovenous varicose veins. Sample: 431 patients in the cyanoacrylate embolization group, 230 patients in the radiofrequency ablation group, 412 patients in the endovenous laser ablation group, a total of 1073 patients. Bilateral cyanoacrylate embolization, radiofrequency ablation, and endovenous laser ablation were not applied to the patients in the same session. Results: When the 1-year occlusion rates were examined, it was determined as 97.57%, 98.26%, and 95.59% in the endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and cyanoacrylate embolization groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in Venous Clinical Severity Score scores between the groups before and after the procedure. Pain, paresthesia, ecchymosis, pigmentation, induration, burn, deep vein thrombosis, and phlebitis were significantly more common in the endovenous laser ablation group. Conclusions: Complications were seen in the cyanoacrylate embolization group. Endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and cyanoacrylate embolization applications have similar long-term results. Therefore, cyanoacrylate embolization is recommended for chronic venous insufficiency patients who want to get rid of varicose veins and improve their quality of life

Post traumatic stress and anxiety in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the diseases in which psychiatric complications develop, with initiation of treatment, and having cardiac, patient-specific behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to investigate symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety in patients that experience ACS. The relationship between PTSD symptoms and anxiety and the relationship between these psychological conditions and certain personal characteristics were reviewed. Methods: In this study, which was prospective and descriptive, 215 patients who experienced ACS were evaluated in the first month after ACS. The data in the research was collected using the Patient Identification Form, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Scale Self-Report (PSS-SR) and Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T). Results: 70.2% of the patients were male and 31.2% were retired. The PSS-SR mean score was 28.40 ± 10.42 and the mean STAI-T score was 57.65 ± 12:37. Between the STAI and PSS-SR there was a statistically significant positive correlation. In women, workers, grade 1 obese patients, those using alcohol, and those with chronic disease the average PSS-SR scores were significantly higher. Housewives, illiterate individuals and 1st degree obese patients had a higher average score of anxiety, as well as patients with chronic diseases and higher alcohol use.

An assessment of the factors that influence biology teacher candidates’ levels of academic self-efficacy

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the factors that influence biology teacher candidates’ levels of academic self-efficacy. This study, in which the descriptive model was used, was carried out with the participation of 155 biology teacher candidates. The data were collected through the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale and Personal Information Form. It was determined in the study that the biology teacher candidates’ levels of academic self-efficacy are above the medium level, and a statistically significant difference exists between the levels of academic self-efficacy according to gender in favour of the male teacher candidates. In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between the levels of academic self-efficacy and grade levels; the level of academic self-efficacy increases as the grade level increases. It was also determined that the level of academic self-efficacy changes most under the influence of general academic achievement, and then under the influences of grade level and gender variables

The effect of gender on the complications, pain intensity and pain management in hemodialysis patients

Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a disease which threatens life, leads to significant loss of manpower and various complications, affecting almost every age group, mostly young adults. In the present study aim was to determine the effects to the complications, pain severity and pain management of gender differences in patients having HD treatment.Method: This study was a descriptive study. Data in research; patient information form, form questioning the way of pain management types, visual analog scale (VAS) were used.Results: Muscle cramps and nausea that show statistically significant differences between men and women, were more commonly seen in women (p≤0.05). HD applied CRF patients, they experienced musculoskeletal pain associated with most (36.9%) were determined to experience the more women than men (p<0.05). Perceived pain intensity was significantly higher in women (p<0.05).Conclusion: It was determined that patients had complications mostly muscle cramps, so their pain reasons are mostly related to musculoskeletal system and they had moderate pain, women had much more complications and pains related to musculoskeletal system

Analyzing the students' and teachers' views of 9th and 10th grades biology curriculum according to different variables

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaöğretim dokuz ve onuncu sınıf Biyoloji Dersi Öğretim Programına ilişkin Biyoloji öğretmen görüşlerini belirlemek, çeşitli değişkenlere göre karşılaştırmak, dokuz ve onuncu sınıf öğrencilerinin Biyoloji bilimine ve dersine yönelik tutumlarını ölçmektir. Araştırma 2013/2014 ve 2014/2015 Eğitim-Öğretim yıllarında yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Ankara İlindeki ortaöğretim okullarında görevli biyoloji öğretmenleri ve dokuz ve onuncu sınıf ortaöğretim öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın nicel verilerinin toplandığı öğretmen örneklemini; 267 biyoloji öğretmeni, öğrenci örneklemini ise 738 dokuzuncu ve onuncu sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın nitel boyutu için örneklem; 24 biyoloji öğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın nicel verilerinin toplanmasında öğretmen ve öğrencilere iki ayrı ölçek uygulanmış, nitel verilerin toplanmasında ise öğretmenlere uygulanan bir görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca zümre öğretmenler kurulu tutanakları doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nicel verilerin çözümlenmesinde biyoloji öğretmeni ve dokuzuncu ve onuncu sınıf ortaöğretim öğrencilerine ilişkin frekans ve yüzde hesaplanmıştır. Biyoloji öğretmenlerinin dokuz ve onuncu sınıf Biyoloji Dersi Öğretim Programının (amaçlar, içerikler, öğretim süreçleri, değerlendirme) ögeleri hakkındaki görüşleri arasındaki farklılıkları tespit etmek için t testi, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis H testi uygulanmıştır. Görüşme formuyla elde edilen veriler için içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Dokuzuncu ve onuncu sınıf öğrencilerinin Biyoloji bilimine ve dersine yönelik tutumlarını cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, başarı durumu gibi değişkenlere göre farkının olup olmadığını ortaya çıkarmak içinde Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis H testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel verileri sonucunda, öğretmenlerin cinsiyet, mezun oldukları fakülte, görev yaptıkları okul, hizmet içi kursa katılıp/katılmama durumları, hizmet süreleri, öğrenim durumu, sınıf mevcudu ve haftalık ders saatlerine göre programın amaçlar, içerik, öğrenme-öğretme süreci ve ölçme-değerlendirme boyutlarına yönelik görüşleri arasında fark bulunmamıştır. Araştırmanın öğrenci analiz sonuçlarına göre, biyoloji bilimine ve dersine karşı tutum puanlarında sınıf düzeyi, Biyoloji dersi akademik başarısı ve okul türü değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilirken, cinsiyet ve anne-baba eğitim durumu değişkenleri açısından tutum puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Genel olarak kız ve erkek öğrencilerin Biyoloji bilimine ve dersine yönelik tutumları pozitiftir. Araştırmanın nitel verileri sonucunda, bazı öğretmenler Biyoloji Dersi Öğretim Programının ögelerine ilişkin problemleri belirtmişlerdir. Genel olarak öğretmenlerin çoğunluğu programın kazanımlar, içerik, öğrenme-öğretme ve ölçme değerlendirme süreci açısından çok ciddi sorun yaşanmadığını belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmenlerin Biyoloji Dersi Öğretim Programının temel yaklaşımı, öğretim yaklaşımları, yöntemleri, ölçme ve değerlendirme boyutu hakkında hizmet içi eğitimler alması gerektiği belirlenmiştir.The purpose of this study is to identify the opinions of Biology teachers regarding the 9th and 10th class Biology Lesson Education Program, to compare them according to various variables and to determine the attitudes of 9th and 10th class secondary school students toward biology as a science and the course. This study was applied in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 academic year. The study universe covers the bioloy teachers woking in the Provincial Education Directorate of Ankara and 9th and 10th secondary school students. The quantitative data is gathered from the teacher sample group consisted of 267 biology teacher, and from the student sample group including 738 9th and 10th secondary school students. The samples for qualitative analysis of the research is consisted of 24 biology teacher. In order to collect the quantitative data, two separate scale is developod, one of the which is to conducted on teacher, and the other of which is for the students. To gather qualitative data, a questionnaire is prepared for teachers. In addition committee of teachers' group reports were examined by using document rewiev method. In analyzing the quantitative data, frequency and percentage related to biology teachers and 9th and 10th secondary school students are calculated. In determinig whether there is a difference between the Biology teachers' opinions regarding the elements of the curriculum (aims, contents, implementation or teaching and learning processes, assessment and evaluation), Student's t Test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis H Test is applied. The data collected via questionnaires are analyzed through content analysis. In determining whether there is a diffrence between the secondary school students attitudes toward biology as a science and the course regarding the gender, grade, success etc. variables, Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis H Test is applied. As a result of the quantitative data is, there are not any significant between the teachers gender, the faculty of the graduate, type of school, where he/she served, receive in-service training programs, tenure, educational levels, class size and weekly biology lessons and their opinions about curriculum's aims, contents, teaching and learning processes, assessment and evaluation. According to the students' result of analysis; in term of variables such as the grades of students, success of biology courses and type of school; a significant differences are found between students' scores of attitudes toward Biology as a science and the course. Besides, there are not any significant between attitudes toward biology as a science and the course scores and variables such as gender and education level of the parents. In general terms, both girls and boys have a possitive attitude toward Biology as a science and the course. As a result of the qualitative analysis, it is revealed that some of the teachers declare that problems of the curriculum's elements. In general, it is revealed that the most of the teachers do not have a serious problem with the curriculum's aims, contents, teaching and learning processes, assessment and evaluation. However, biology teachers have to be given in-service trainings regarding the Biology curriculum's aims, educational approaches, methods, assessment and evaluation

DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHER RESOURCE MATERIALS FOR TEACHING ECOLOGY TOPICS

Bu çalışma, Biyoloji öğretmenlerinin ortaöğretim Ekoloji konularının öğretilmesinde karşılaştıkları güçlükleri belirlemek ve bu güçlüklerden biri olan ekoloji deneylerinin yetersizliğini gidermek amacıyla 20 adet arazi gezisi ve laboratuvar deneyinden oluşan öğretmen rehber materyali hazırlanmasıdır. Hazırlanan deneyler ve arazi gezileri içerisinden dört tanesi çalışmaya katılan 25 Biyoloji öğretmenine incelettirilmiştir. İncelemeler sonunda rehber materyalin uygulanabilirliği, sınıf seviyesine uygunluğu ve ortaöğretim Biyoloji programına uygunluğu konularında fikirleri alınmıştır. Son olarak uzman görüşü de alınarak deneylere son şekli verilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğretmenlerin ekoloji konularının öğretilmesinde pek çok güçlükle karşılaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu güçlüklerden en sık rastlanılanları; materyal eksikliği, temel kavramların bilinememesi veya yanlış bilinmesi, deney, arazi gezileri gibi etkinliklerin az olması, günlük hayattaki olaylarla bağlantı kurulamaması şeklinde özetlenebilir. Araştırmanın sonuçları ekoloji konuları ile ilgili ders kitaplarında yer alan arazi gezileri ve deneylerin yeterli olmadığını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yer alan arazi gezileri ve deneyler geliştirilerek farklı sınıf seviyelerine uygulanabilir. Böylece ekoloji konularında deneyler geliştirilerek daha kalıcı ve etkili öğrenme sağlanabilecektir.The aim of the present study was to determine difficulties encountered by Biology teachers in high schools with ecology subjects and to provide teachers with a resource material to overcome these insufficiencies with 20 field trips and experiments. Four of these field trips and experiments were submitted to the evaluation of the participating 25 Biology teachers. After their evaluation of the materials, teachers' ideas and criticism/comments on the experiments were taken with respect to their applicability and availability to the relevent class levels and curriculum of high schools. The final material of the field trips/experiments were elaborated in accordance with the experts' ideas. According to the results of this study it is shown that teachers have had encountered significant difficulties while teaching ecological topics. Most common difficulties were summarized as the lack of materials, not knowing the basic concepts or misconceptions about them, limited number of activities such as experiments or field trips and lack of conceiving relationships between daily life and/or real events. Results of the study reveal that the field trips and experiments textbooks are inadequate. Field trips and experiments developed in the present study can be modified for application to different class levels. So, by developing experiments on ecology more permanent and effective teaching can be attained

The Effect of External Apple Vinegar Application on Varicosity Symptoms, Pain, and Social Appearance Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Aim. We aimed to determine the effect of external apple vinegar application on the symptoms and social appearance anxiety of varicosity patients who were suggested conservative treatment. Method. The study was planned as an experimental, randomized, and controlled study. 120 patients were randomly selected and then were randomly allocated to either experimental or control group by simple blind random sampling method. In the collection of research data, a questionnaire questioning sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) were used. The patients in the study group were suggested to apply apple vinegar to the area of the leg with varicosity alongside the treatment suggested by the doctor. The patients in the control group received no intervention during the study. Results. The sociodemographic and clinic characteristics of both groups were found to be similar ( &gt; 0.05). The patients were evaluated with regard to cramps, pain, leg fatigue perception, edema, itching, pigmentation, and weight feelings in the leg, VAS, and SAAS averages in the second evaluation; the control group had a decrease in such symptoms ( &gt; 0.05) although the decrease in the application group was higher and statistically meaningful ( &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. We determined that the external application of apple vinegar on varicosity patients, which is a very easy application, increased the positive effects of conservative treatment