Race in Feminism: Critiques of Bodily Self-Determination in Ida B. Wells and Anna Julia Cooper

If, as Angela Davis has argued, the last decade of the nineteenth century was a critical moment in the development of modern racism, the same can be said of the development of modern feminism. Late nineteenth-century feminism, like institutional racism, saw major institutional supports and ideological justifications take shape across this period. Organizations of American women, both black and white, were shaping political arguments and crafting activist agendas in a post-Reconstruction America increasingly enamored of hereditary science, prone to lynching, and possessed of a virulent nationalism. This essay takes a historical view of womanhood, bodily self-determination and well-being, concepts now at the heart of feminist thinking by women of color and white women. It explores the racist tenor of the 1890s and its impact on the concept of female sovereignty as it emerged in the speech and writing of four black and white intellectuals at the turn of the century. Reading work of Anna Julia Cooper, and Ida B. Wells in the context of Frances Willard and Victoria Woodhull, I explore the emergence of sovereignty or self-determination of the body as a racially charged concept at the base of feminist work

Building on a Radical Foundation: The Work of Theologian Howard Thurman Continues

Howard Thurman (1900-1981), whose life spanned most of this century, was a prodigious intellect and a pioneering theologian; his persistent effort, especially over the period of 1930s-1960s, to grapple with racism and classism within American Christianity paved the way for intellectual, political and religious leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. Through his contact with Mahatma Gandhi, Thurman became convinced that African Americans might bring the unadulterated message of non-violence to all people everywhere. Determined to find a moral and practical method to unite the concerns of the human spirit and the immediate material and social needs of disenfranchised people, Thurman moved against the advice of his own mentors and the racial proscriptions and patriotic zeal of Cold War Christianity. His study of Native American and Eastern spiritualities, his growing international frame of reference, his exploration of mysticism and suspicion of formal creeds as divisive, all distinguished him within an American and a Black tradition of religious practice

Transportation through the Lens of Literature: The Depiction of Transportation Systems in American Literature from 1800 to the Present in the Form of an Annotated Bibliography

Acknowledgment for PDF version: Shannon Klug ensured the hyperlinks work in the text.Originally published in 1994 and revised in 2005, Transportation through the Lens of Literature is a survey of what American literature has said about transportation. Through the chronological arrangement (1800-1980s), it provides a history of the country's changing and interacting systems. A related website is available at https://sites.google.com/a/umn.edu/donaldross/transportationliterature.This research has been supported by a grant from the University of Minnesota's Center for Transportation Studies

Recruiting and Retaining Individuals with Serious Mental Illness and Diabetes in Clinical Research: Lessons Learned from a Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Abstract: Recruitment and retention of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) and comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) in research studies can be challenging with major impediments being difficulties reaching participants via telephone contact, logistic difficulties due to lack of transportation, ongoing psychiatric symptoms, and significant medical complications. Research staff directly involved in recruitment and retention processes of this study reviewed their experiences. The largest barriers at the macro, mediator, and micro levels identified in this study were inclement weather, transportation difficulties, and intermittent and inaccessible telephone contact. Barrier work-around practices included using the health system’s EHR to obtain current phone numbers, providing transportation assistance (bus passes or parking reimbursement), and flexible scheduling of appointments. Suggestions are intended to assist in planning for recruitment and retention strategies

Exile Vol. XXXI No. 1

Drawing by Chris Bradley 1 How Goes the Wombat, Prithee by Jennie Benford 3 Holy Shit (for Mary) by Stephanie Athey 4-5 ..... blues by Britton R. Creelman 6 Photograph (anonymous) 7 Prose by Leigh Walton 9-12 San Jacinto by Petersen S. Thomas 13 Rebuttal by Betsy Oster 15 Running Alone by Ann Townsend McMullen 16 Windows in Florence by Michael Parr 17 Rangers by Caroline Palmer 19 Salamapo by Mary Deborah Clark 20-21 Funeral by J. K. Rand 22 Deeds Give No Title by Douglas Jones 23 Be Careful, There\u27s a Straight Bar Next Door by Karen J. Hall 25 The Rivers of Saigon by Alex Dickson 26 2 Sketches by Alfred Sturla Bodvarsson 27 Upon the Occasion of Reading 236 sonnets at One Sitting by Jeff Masten 28 I just believe in Me by Rob Jackson 29 Close by Stephanie Athey 31 Teller by Katherine Fox Reynolds 32 Woman in Greece by Michael Parr 33 Part of the Job by Joan DeWitt 35-44 Contributor Notes 46 Editorial decision is shared equally among the seven member editorial board. -title page Polymorphous: Cover Lithograph by Aimee Creelman - title pag

Exile Vol. XXXI No. 2

Plenty of Space by Carol Contiguglia (cover) Dénouement by Jeff Masten 3 The Ballad of Old Bill Brown by Amy Becker 4-5 Elegy by Ann Townsend 6 Untitled by Karen Koch 7 Dénouement by Carol Mason 9-14 Untitled by N. R. B. III 15 A Lot in Common We Two, by David Zivan 17 The Sidewalk Taken, Kate Anthony 18 Upon Hearing Two Male Poets Read by Karen J. Hall 19 Leaves by Amy Becker 20 To Dad by Carrie Jordan 21 Attie Mae by Theresa Copeland 23-25 Oh, Henry by T. S. Elliott 26-38 Solitude; Normandy, France by Margie Boll 39 In Edgartown, Drunk, Stranded in the A.M. by Karen Kearney 41 Pink Feet by Catherine DuBois 42 Ensign in the Naval Corps of Engineers by Betsy Oster 43 Morning Haze by Stephanie Athey 44-45 Just Thought You\u27d Like to Know by Joan DeWitt 46-53 Art Class, A Study of Still-Lifes by Margie Boll 55 Contributor Notes 57 Editorial decision is shared equally among the Editorial Board members -cover page (credited here as editors ) PRINTING BY / PRINTING ARTS PRESS / MOUNT VERNON, OHIO -back cove