Comparison of tunnel widening between interference screw and suture disc fixation after ACL reconstruction using CT scan

Background: It is important to study the cause of tunnel widening which occurs after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction as it may affect tendon to bone healing. Amount of tunnel enlargement that happens after different fixation methods like interference screw or suture discs needs to be compared.The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that aperture fixation (interference screw) reduces tunnel enlargement compared to suspensory fixation (suture disc) due to reduced graft tunnel motion.Methods: 24 bone tunnel diameters in 12 patients were evaluated by CT scan postoperatively after ACL reconstruction to measure tunnel widening. Two groups were formed, one consisting of 14 tunnels fixed by interference screws (IFS) and other consisting of 10 tunnels fixed with suture disc (SD). The difference between the two groups was compared by unpaired student’s t test.Results: The mean tunnel widening in IFS group was 0.414mm while that in the SD group was 1.23mm. The difference between the means of the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: Tunnel widening phenomenon was significantly less with anatomic IFS fixation as compared to suture disc fixation probably due to reduced motion of graft within the walls of bony tunnel and consequently better graft healing

Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleed from a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a Jejunal Diverticulum: A Rare Case Report

We present a case of small bowel diverticulum with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). This GIST in the diverticulum was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and was of low-grade malignant potential

Growth response, water relations and K/Na ratio in wheat under sodium and calcium interactions

A study was conducted in the glass house to observe the role of K/Na ratio and moisture contents on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L .cv. Lu-26) under NaCl stress. The plants were grown under hydroponic conditions at two salinity levels of 0 and 50 mM as NaCl. Calcium as CaSO4. 2H2O was applied at 3 and 6 mM to the pots of salinity. The plants were harvested after 30 days of growth. The treatments showed a highly significant (p< 0.01) effect on the growth and ionic relations. Fresh weight of shoot and root increased by 44 and 41 % respectively, with increased application of CaSO4 from 3 to 6 mM in the saline medium. Dry mass was increased by 46% at 50 mM of NaCl withthe application of 6 mM of CaSO4.2H2O. Relative water content in the root decreased with the application of CaSO4.2H2O in saline treatment as compared to non-saline treatment. The increased K/Na ratio had a pronounced effect on the increase of dry mass of shoot by 72% at 6 mM than 3 mM of CaSO4.2H2O application in the saline medium

ν(νˉ)\nu(\bar\nu)-208^{208}Pb deep inelastic scattering

Nuclear-medium effects in the weak structure functions $F_2(x,Q^2)$ and $F_3(x,Q^2)$ in the charged current neutrino and antineutrino induced deep inelastic reactions in $^{208}$Pb have been studied. The calculations have been performed in a theoretical model using relativistic nuclear spectral functions which incorporate Fermi motion, binding and nucleon correlations. We also consider the pion and rho meson cloud contributions calculated from a microscopic model for meson-nucleus self-energies. Using these structure functions, the results for the differential cross section have been obtained and compared with the CERN Hybrid Oscillation Research apparatUS (CHORUS) data. The results for the ratios $\frac{2F_{i}^{Pb}}{208F_i^D}$, $\frac{4F_{i}^{Pb}}{208F_i^{He}}$, $\frac{12F_{i}^{Pb}}{208F_i^C}$, $\frac{16F_{i}^{Pb}}{208F_i^O}$, and $\frac{56F_{i}^{Pb}}{208F_i^{Fe}}$ (i=2,3) have also been obtained and a few have been compared with some of the phenomenological fits.Comment: 19Pages, 12 Fig

Association between Intraoperative Bactibilia and Postoperative Septic Complications in Biliary Tract Surgery

Background: The present study intended to clarify the role of biliary bacteria in the development of postoperative septic complications in patients undergoing biliary operations and need for antibiotic prophylaxis.Patient and methods: A total of 121 patients with various biliary tract diseases underwent various surgical interventions. The relation between contaminated ductal bile and postoperative septic complications was analyzed prospectively.Results: 42/121 patients were bile culture positive (B+) while 79/121 patients were bile culture negative (B-).14 patients in B (+) group developed septic complications compared to only 3 patients in B (-) group (P = 0.0001). In B (+) group, bacteria found in ductal bile were also detected in infected sites of 85% of patients with septic complications. In B (+) group postoperative antibiotic modification significantly (p=0.001) reduced infectious complications.Conclusion: Infected bile plays a critical role in development of post operative septic complications. Hence patients with risk factors for bactibilia should receive prophylactic antibiotics covering endogenous gram negative organisms which should be modified in postoperative phase according to the results of sensitivity. However this issue requires further investigations by studies conducted on similar lines

Mappings on Fuzzy Soft Classes

We define the concept of a mapping on classes of fuzzy soft sets and study the properties of fuzzy soft images and fuzzy soft inverse images of fuzzy soft sets, and support them with examples and counterexamples

Neutrino propagation in a random magnetic field

The active-sterile neutrino conversion probability is calculated for neutrino propagating in a medium in the presence of random magnetic field fluctuations. Necessary condition for the probability to be positive definite is obtained. Using this necessary condition we put constraint on the neutrino magnetic moment from active-sterile electron neutrino conversion in the early universe hot plasma and in supernova.Comment: 11 page

Semileptonic B Decays and Determination of |Vub|

Semileptonic decays of the B mesons provide an excellent probe for the weak and strong interactions of the bottom quark. The large data samples collected at the B Factories have pushed the experimental studies of the semileptonic B decays to a new height and stimulated significant theoretical developments. I review recent progresses in this fast-evolving field, with an emphasis on the determination of the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vub|.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Mod. Phys. Lett.

Momentum-dependent contributions to the gravitational coupling of neutrinos in a medium

When neutrinos travel through a normal matter medium, the electron neutrinos couple differently to gravity compared to the other neutrinos, due to the presence of electrons in the medium and the absence of the other charged leptons. We calculate the momentum-dependent part of the matter-induced gravitational couplings of the neutrinos under such conditions, which arise at order $g^2/M^4_W$, and determine their contribution to the neutrino dispersion relation in the presence of a gravitational potential $\phi^{\mathrm{ext}}$. These new contributions vanish for the muon and tau neutrinos. For electron neutrinos with momentum $K$, they are of the order of the usual Wolfenstein term times the factor $(K^2/M^2_W)\phi^{\mathrm{ext}}$, for high energy neutrinos. In environments where the gravitational potential is substantial, such as those in the vicinity of Active Galactic Nuclei, they could be the dominant term in the neutrino dispersion relation. They must also be taken into account in the analysis of possible violations of the Equivalence Principle in the neutrino sector, in experimental settings involving high energy neutrinos traveling through a matter background.Comment: Minor corrections in the references; one reference adde