Relatório de estágio em farmácia comunitária

Relatório de estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbr

Shear bond strengths and microleakage of four types of dentin adhesive materials.

The aim of this investigation was to compare the microleakage of composite resin (Z-100) and shear bond strength to bovine dentin using different types of adhesive systems (Scotch Bond Multi-Purpose, All Bond 2, One-Step, and Perma Quick) to compare and correlate microleakage to shear bond strength. For the microleakage aspect of the study, 20 class V were prepared (bovine incisors) with 90-degree cavosurface margins and were located at the cement-enamel junction using a template. Each dentin bonding system was applied to five cavities following the manufacturers’ instructions and restored with Z-100 composite resin. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water at 37oC, the teeth were immersed in 2% basic fuchsin dye. All teeth were sectioned in a mesiodistal direction using a diamond saw, and each section was inspected under a stereomicroscope. For the shear bond strength aspect of the study, 20 bovine incisors were centrally horizontally mounted in Teflon mold with cold cure acrylic resin. Flat labial dentin surfaces were prepared using different grit silicon carbide abrasive wheels. Five specimens were used for each of the bonding agent systems. Each specimen was bonded with restorative composite resin (Z-100) and applied to the treated dentinal surface through a split Teflon mold. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37oC for 24 hours. The bonds were stressed using shear forces at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min using an Instron Universal testing machine. Findings indicate none of the systems tested in this study were free from microleakage. Scotch bond multi-purpose achieved the best seal, with One-Step being second best, while All-Bond 2 and Perma Quick had the poorest seal. However, there were significant differences among the shear bond strengths of the four bonding systems tested. Scotch Bond Multi-Purpose has a higher bond strength to composite resin when compared to the other dentin adhesives. The study also concluded there is no association between microleakage and shear bond strength.King Saud Universit

Surgical Management of Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction

Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficiency of transurethral resection (unroofing) of the obstructed ejaculatory ducts (TURED) as a treatment alternative for cases of obstructive ductal azoo-/ oligozoospermia. Patients and Methods: Thirty-two patients, aged 26 to 45 (mean age 34 years) with varying degrees of ejaculatory duct obstruction (EDO) were selected from a large pool of infertile patients with low semen volume presenting to the outpatient clinic of the Andrology Department of Kasr el Aini Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. The patients (24 with complete and 8 with partial EDO) were then transferred to the Urology Department of the same hospital for surgical treatment performed by one surgeon. The treated patients were sent back to the Andrology Department for follow-up lasting 6 to 30 months (mean 18 months). Follow-up included history taking, physical examination and repeated semen analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in all “mean” semen parame-ters following TURED. Furthermore, 42% of the azoospermic (bilateral complete EDO) and 63% of the oligozoospermic patients (partial EDO) showed improvement in their semen parameters after TURED yielding an overall improvement rate of 47% among treated patients. Pregnancy was achieved in about 17% of the azoospermic and in 25% of the oligozoospermic patients. The overall pregnancy rate was 19%. Prolonged hematuria was the only complication, encountered in only 2 patients, and was managed conservatively. Conclusion: TURED is an effective line of treatment for cases of EDO. Used judiciously, this technique can yield satisfactory results with limited morbidity in this challenging patient population. The better response of partial EDO as compared to TURED warrants further studies involving a larger number of patients. Le traitement chirurgical de l\'obstruction des voies éjaculatoires Objectifs: Le but de ce travail est d'évaluer l\'efficacité de la résection transuréthrale (unroofing) des conduits éjaculatoires obstrués (TURED) comme une alternative thérapeutique des cas d\'azoo / oligozoospermie d'origine obstructive. Patients et Méthodes: Trente-deux patients, âgés de 26 à 45 (âge moyen de 34 années), présentant des degrés variables d\'obstruction du conduit éjaculatoire (EDO) ont été sélectionnés parmi une grande population de patients consultant pour stérilité avec un volume éjaculatoire bas à la consultation externe du Département d'Andrologie de l'Hôpital Kasr El Aini. Les patients (24 EDO complète et 8 EDO partielle) ont été transférés au Département d\'Urologie du même hôpital pour traitement chirurgical réalisé par un urologue. Les malades traités ont été renvoyés au Département d'Andrologie pour suivi qui a duré 6 à 30 mois (moyenne 18 mois). Le suivi a inclu un intérrogatoire, un examen physique et une analyse du sperme répétée. Résultats: Il y avait une amélioration statistiquement significative de tous les paramètres du spermogramme en moyenne. En outre, 42% des patients azoospermiques (EDO complet bilatéral) et 63% d\'oligozoospermiques (EDO partiel) ont présenté une amélioration dans leurs paramètres du spermogramme après TURED avec un taux d\'amélioration total de 47% parmi les patients traités. La grossesse a été obtenue dans approximativement 17% des couples avec azoospermie et dans 25% des couples avec oligozoospermie. Le taux de grossesses total était de 19%. Une hématurie prolongée était la seule complication rencontrée dans seulement 2 cas et a été traitée d\'une manière conservatrice. Conclusion: TURED est une alternative efficace dans le traitement des cas d\'EDO. Utilisé judicieusement, cette technique peut donner de bons résultats avec une morbidité limitée dans cette population de patients. La meilleure réponse est notée dans les cas d\'EDO partiel. African Journal of Urology Vol.11(1) 2005: 6-1

Pressure induced mechanical, opto-electronics, and transport properties of ZnHfO3 oxide for solar cell and energy harvesting devices

Based on the density functional theory, we systematically investigate the effect of pressure on the mechanical, optoelectronic, and transport properties of ZnHfO _3 . The pressure has been employed up to 30 GPa in a step-size of 10 GPa. A slight variation in the lattice constant and Bulk modulus have been observed at the applied pressure steps. The electronic properties are significantly tuned by applying pressure. The calculated bandgap values slightly increase with increasing the pressure and its values start to decrease after the critical pressure of 20 GPa. More interestingly, a transition from indirect to direct band has been observed at the critical pressure. This transition of the bandgap is also justified by studying the optical properties like dielectric constant, refraction, and absorption at different pressure. Furthermore, we studied the electronic transport properties in terms of electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, See-beck coefficient, and power factor at temperature (300–800 K). The calculated lattice thermal conductivities are low while the electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients are high at all pressure. Thus, the properties of the ZnHfO _3 show high potential for thermoelectric applications

Development of porous, antibacterial and biocompatible GO/n-HAp/bacterial cellulose/β-glucan biocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Due to their potential renewable materials-based tissue engineering scaffolds has gained more attention. Therefore, researchers are looking for new materials to be used as a scaffold. In this study, we have focused on the development of a nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering (using bacterial cellulose (BC) and ß-glucan (ß-G)) via free radical polymerization and freeze-drying technique. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HAp) and graphene oxide (GO) were added as reinforcement materials. The structural changes, surface morphology, porosity, and mechanical properties were investigated through spectroscopic and analytical techniques like Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett-Teller (BET), and universal testing machine Instron. The scaffolds showed remarkable stability, aqueous degradation, spongy morphology, porosity, and mechanical properties. Antibacterial activities were performed against gram -ive and gram + ive bacterial strains. The BgC-1.4 scaffold was found more antibacterial compared to BgC-1.3, BgC-1.2, and BgC-1.1. The cell culture and cytotoxicity were evaluated using the MC3T3-E1 cell line. More cell growth was observed onto BgC-1.4 due to its uniform interrelated pores distribution, surface roughness, better mechanical properties, considerable biochemical affinity towards cell adhesion, proliferation, and biocompatibility. These nanocomposite scaffolds can be potential biomaterials for fractured bones in orthopedic tissue engineering

Study of Partial Oxidation of Methane by Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst: Effect of Support Oxides of Mg, Mo, Ti and Y as Promoters

Catalysts of 10% Ni, supported on promoted alumina, were used to accomplish the partial oxidation of methane. The alumina support was doped with oxides of Mo, Mg, Ti and Y. An incipient wetness impregnation technique was used to synthesize the catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were described by XRD, H2-TPR (temperature programmed reduction), BET, TGA, CO2-TPD (temperature-programmed desorption) and Raman. The characterization results denoted that Ni has a strong interaction with the support. The TGA investigation of spent catalysts displayed the anticoking enhancement of the promoters. The impact of the support promoters on the catalyst stability, methane conversion and H2 yield was inspected. Stability tests were done for 460 min. The H2 yields were 76 and 60% and the CH4 conversions were 67 and 92%, respectively, over Ni/Al2O3+Mg, when the reaction temperatures were 550 and 650 °C, respectively. The performance of the present work was compared to relevant findings in the literature

The Effect of Calcination Temperature on Various Sources of ZrO2 Supported Ni Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) over an Ni-based catalyst is an innovative research area due to the growing environmental awareness about mitigating global warming gases (CH4 and CO2) and creating a greener route of synthesis. Herein, 5% Ni supported on ZrO2 obtained from various sources was prepared by the impregnation method. The catalysts were calcined at 600, 700, and 800 °C. Furthermore, Ni-RC stabilized with MgO, SiO2, TiO2, and Y2O3 were tested. Characterization techniques employed comprise the N2 physisorption, infrared spectroscopy, Raman, thermogravimetric analysis, XRD, and TEM. The results of the present study indicated that the ZrO2 support source had a profound effect on the overall performance of the process. The best catalyst Ni-RC gave an average conversion of CH4 and CO2 of 61.5% and 63.6% and the least deactivation of 10.3%. The calcination pretreatment differently influenced the catalyst performance. When the average methane conversion was higher than 40%, increasing the calcination temperature decreased the activity. While for the low activity catalysts with an average methane conversion of less than 40% the impact of the calcination temperature did not constantly decrease with the temperature rise. The stabilization of Ni-RC denoted the preference Y2O3 stabilized catalyst with average values of CH4 and CO2 conversion of about 67% and 72%, respectively. The thorough study and fine correlation will be advantageous for technologically suitable Ni-15Y-RC catalysts for DRM

The Effect of Calcination Temperature on Various Sources of ZrO₂ Supported Ni Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) over an Ni-based catalyst is an innovative research area due to the growing environmental awareness about mitigating global warming gases (CH4 and CO2) and creating a greener route of synthesis. Herein, 5% Ni supported on ZrO2 obtained from various sources was prepared by the impregnation method. The catalysts were calcined at 600, 700, and 800 °C. Furthermore, Ni-RC stabilized with MgO, SiO2, TiO2, and Y2O3 were tested. Characterization techniques employed comprise the N2 physisorption, infrared spectroscopy, Raman, thermogravimetric analysis, XRD, and TEM. The results of the present study indicated that the ZrO2 support source had a profound effect on the overall performance of the process. The best catalyst Ni-RC gave an average conversion of CH4 and CO2 of 61.5% and 63.6% and the least deactivation of 10.3%. The calcination pretreatment differently influenced the catalyst performance. When the average methane conversion was higher than 40%, increasing the calcination temperature decreased the activity. While for the low activity catalysts with an average methane conversion of less than 40% the impact of the calcination temperature did not constantly decrease with the temperature rise. The stabilization of Ni-RC denoted the preference Y2O3 stabilized catalyst with average values of CH4 and CO2 conversion of about 67% and 72%, respectively. The thorough study and fine correlation will be advantageous for technologically suitable Ni-15Y-RC catalysts for DRM