Negating the Gender Citation Advantage in Political Science

Open-access (OA) advocates have long promoted OA as an egalitarian alternative to traditional subscription-based academic publishing. The argument is simple: OA gives everyone access to high-quality research at no cost. In turn, this should benefit individual researchers by increasing the number of people reading and citing academic articles. As the OA movement gains traction in the academy, scholars are investing considerable research energy to determine whether there is an OA citation advantage—that is, does OA increase an article’s citation counts? Research indicates that it does. Scholars also explored patterns of gender bias in academic publishing and found that women are cited at lower rates in many disciplines. Indeed, in many disciplines, men enjoy a significant and positive gender citation effect (GCE) compared to their female colleagues. This article combines these research areas to determine whether the OA citation advantage varies by gender. Using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) tests, the nonparametric analog to the independent samples T-test, I conclude that OA benefits male and female political scientists at similar rates. Thus, OA negates the gender citation advantage that typically accrues to male political scientists

Assessing Nonprofit CEO Compensation: Does the Media Provide a Fair Perspective?

The media plays an active role in forming external stakeholders’ perception of business matters. When it comes to nonprofit business, the media is a source of information that, in theory, works to bridge the gap between external stakeholders’ unfamiliarity with nonprofit regulation and what is actually required of the nonprofit sector. This concept is especially present regarding the topic of nonprofit CEO compensation. The goal of this paper is to discuss how media addresses nonprofit CEO compensation and to determine whether or not the media fairly portrays the entire story by assessing current data along with trends in historical data, namely of two organizations, the American Red Cross and Goodwill Industries, Inc. This study will enter into the discussion of nonprofit CEO compensation and discuss the nature of nonprofits, the requirements of nonprofit CEO compensation, and CEO compensation as it is portrayed by the media and therefore likely perceived by society. The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether nonprofits actually compensate their CEOs as the media suggests. With this information, external stakeholders will be better equipped to answer the above questions themselve

Nuclear system that burns its own wastes shows promise

A nuclear fission energy system, capable of eliminating a significant amount of its radioactive wastes by burning them, is described. A theoretical investigation of this system conducted by computer analysis, is based on use of gaseous fuel nuclear reactors. Gaseous core reactors using a uranium plasma fuel are studied along with development for space propulsion

Multidisciplinary research leading to utilization of extraterrestrial resources Quarterly status report, 1 Jul. - 1 Oct. 1969

Surface properties, failure processes, and thermodynamic properties of rock in simulated lunar environment

Multidisciplinary research leading to utilization of extraterrestrial resources Quarterly status report, 1 Jul. - 1 Oct. 1967

NASA program of multidisciplinary research on use of extraterrestrial resource

Multidisciplinary research leading to utilization of extraterrestrial resources Quarterly status report, 1 Oct. 1968 - 1 Jan. 1969

Magnetic properties of simulated lunar rock sample

Precise Atomic Structures of Three Novel Nanomaterials in Nanotechnology, Biomedicine and Cosmology: Graphene, Boron Nitride and Coronene

Nanomaterials are currently of great importance in science, technology and commercial applications. Since these materials are atomic layer thick and are a few square nanometers of area, a knowledge of their precise atomic structures will help in the exact understanding of the properties at the nanoscale and in the fabrication and design of the nanomaterials for their many uses. Their known inter-atomic distances have been used here to obtain the exact atomic radii of the component atoms and thereby their precise atomic structures, for the first time. Considered here are three nanomaterials with hexagonal structures, but of quite different properties, namely, graphene (an electrical conductor), boron nitride (an insulator) and coronene (indicators of life in the Universe)

Precise Atomic Structures of two Important Molecules in Biochemistry:

This work celebrates the “International Year of Chemistry – 2011”, by providing “for the first time”, the structures at the atomic level of two important molecules, namely, ascorbic acid and aspirin. Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, was discovered as a cure for scurvy which claimed many human lives and hence got its name. It is also supposed to be an antioxidant and to prevent flu. Aspirin is synthesized from salicylic acid and is widely used as a remedy for flu and has other medical uses such as saving the lives of cardiac patients as an anticoagulant of blood. The biochemistry and chemistry of both these compounds have been evolving for nearly a century ever since their discoveries. Here, the atomic structures of these compounds have been presented where the known lengths of the various chemical bonds are exact sums of the appropriate radii of the adjacent atoms