Comparison of Burn Depth at Different Temperatures on Ex Vivo Human Skin with Standardized Model and Comparison of the Results with Rat Contact Burn Model

Aim: Burns are still an important mortality and morbidity problem worldwide. Clinical studies are limited, owing to ethical concerns and an inability to achieve standardization. Therefore, studies are concentrated on experimental models. However, there are still a lot of questions that await resolution. Additionally, the relevance of animal models on human skin (HS) is unknown. From this point of view, this study aims to evaluate the depth of burn on ex vivo HS and to compare the HS results with those of rats. Materials and Methods: Skins of patients, after obtaining informed consent, that underwent full thickness healthy skin excision (abdominoplasty), except for experimental purposes, have been included. A total of three different temperatures (60, 80 and 100 °C) using two different weight forces (0.88 kg/cm2 for high and 0.21 kg/cm2 for low) using standardized apparatus facilitated the formation of study groups. In all groups, healthy dermis-epidermis burn depth was compared. Results: No difference was detected between healthy HS depths from the various samples taken from different donors that were to be tested. The lowest result (10.5±0.7% burn depth ) was seen in the 60 °C low weight force group and the highest was seen in the 100 °C high weight force group (92.0±2.7). As for the 80 °C high pressure group vs the 100 °C low pressure groups, a significant difference was noted. Conclusion: Ex vivo HS can be used as an experimental burn model. It has been shown that standardized depth of burn can be achieved using standardized apparatus. However, the different depth of burn indicates that control of parameters (pressure, time, temperature) is mandatory

The effect of fucoidin on kidney and lung injury in a rat infrarenal aortic ischemia-reperfusion model

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fucoidin on rat kidney and lung in an infraaortic ishemia reperfusion model. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups ( n = 8) as sham, control (IR), before ischemia (BI), before reperfusion (BR), and before ischemia and before reperfusion (BI/BR). Rats were subjected to 120 minutes ischemia followed by 120 minutes reperfusion with application of infrarenal aortic clamping. BI received intravenous fucoidin (25 mg/kg) ten minutes before establishing ischemia and BR received ten minutes before reperfusion. BI/BR group received half equal doses of fucoidin both before ischemia (12.5 mg/kg) and reperfusion (12.5 mg/kg) periods, respectively. After sacrification blood and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical (Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Catalase (CAT), Plasma Chitotriosidase (CHIT) and serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA)) and histologic examinations. Results MDA, NO, MPO, CAT, and IMA levels were lower in BR and BI/BR groups compared to control group ( p &lt; 0.001). Plasma CHIT levels in BR and BI/BR groups were lower than in control group ( p &lt; 0.05). According to histological examination kidney and lung injury scores were lower in BR and BI/BR groups compared to control group ( p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The study showed that fucoidin is effective in preventing kidney and lung injury if administered before reperfusion or both before ischemia and reperfusion. However, it has no effect if administered only before ischemia.Keywordsfucoidin,&nbsp;ischemia reperfusion,&nbsp;abdominal aorta,&nbsp;kidney injury,&nbsp;lung injury,&nbsp;remote organ injury</div

The Effect of Decompression on The Treatment of Chronic Constriction Injury in Peripheral Nerve

Chronic constriction injury (CCI) is a common clinical entity and characterized by allodynia or spontaneous neuropathic pain. Treatment of neuropathic pain is difficult, because a lack of knowledge about the underlying mechanisms and limited effectiveness of the existing drugs. Surgical decompression enables a more radical treatment by releasing the compressed nerve. Beside the pain behaviour morphological changes occur in CCI. Ultrastructural morphological changes at the injury site of the sciatic nerve and in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are believed to play role in the pathogenesis of CCI and in the development of neuropathic pain behaviour in individuals. However, the effects of surgical decompression on the ultrastructure of constricted nerve site as well as in the dorsal root ganglia have not been studied in details. We investigated the effect of nerve decompression on ultrastructure of rat sciatic nerve and DRG by light and transmission electron microscopic methods. For this aim, CCI was established on the rat sciatic nerve with four loose ligatures. Surgical decompression was held at 1st, 3rd and 5th the weeks after CCI by removing the ligatures. Our results suggest that the efficacy of decompression was superior when applied one week after compression. The results of the study verify the need for early surgical decompression to prevent irreversible damage of the peripheral nerve and DRG

Can a Small Intestine Segment Be an Alternative Biological Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration?

Background: Autologous nerve grafts are used to bridge peripheral nerve defects. Limited sources and donor site morbidity are the major problems with peripheral nerve grafts. Although various types of autologous grafts such as arteries, veins and muscles have been recommended, an ideal conduit has not yet been described

Comparison of the Effects of Curcumin, Tramadol and Surgical Treatments on Neuropathic Pain Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury in Rats

AIM: Nerve entrapment syndromes are the most common causes of neuropathic pain. Surgical decompression is the preferred method of treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of curcumin, tramadol and chronic constriction release treatment (CCR), individually or together, in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury

The effects of iloprost and alprostadil on ischemia-reperfusion injury in preventing inflammation, tissue degeneration, and apoptosis in rat skeletal muscle

Background/aim: The protective effects of prostaglandin (PG) analogs on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) have been well documented; however, comparative studies are lacking. The aim of the present study was to determine whether iloprost or alprostadil is more effective in preventing muscle I/R injury. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): sham, control, IL (I/R + iloprost), and AL (I/R + alprostadil). I/R was induced by a tourniquet in the hindlimb for 3 h/3 h. The IL and AL groups received iloprost (0.5 ng kg–1 min–1) and alprostadil (0.05 µg kg–1 min–1) during reperfusion, respectively. After 6 h, blood and muscles were collected for analyses. Results: Serum TNF-&#945; and IL-1? levels were decreased in the IL and AL groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05), whereas IL-6 levels did not change significantly. Tissue malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the IL and AL groups (P < 0.05). Tissue catalase levels showed no difference. The histological damage scores and apoptosis scores were both significantly decreased in the IL and AL groups compared with the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The present study indicated that iloprost and alprostadil attenuated I/R injury in skeletal muscle. However, no comparable difference was evident regarding the efficacies of either PG analog.Background/aim: The protective effects of prostaglandin (PG) analogs on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) have been well documented; however, comparative studies are lacking. The aim of the present study was to determine whether iloprost or alprostadil is more effective in preventing muscle I/R injury. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): sham, control, IL (I/R + iloprost), and AL (I/R + alprostadil). I/R was induced by a tourniquet in the hindlimb for 3 h/3 h. The IL and AL groups received iloprost (0.5 ng kg–1 min–1) and alprostadil (0.05 µg kg–1 min–1) during reperfusion, respectively. After 6 h, blood and muscles were collected for analyses. Results: Serum TNF-&#945; and IL-1? levels were decreased in the IL and AL groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05), whereas IL-6 levels did not change significantly. Tissue malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the IL and AL groups (P < 0.05). Tissue catalase levels showed no difference. The histological damage scores and apoptosis scores were both significantly decreased in the IL and AL groups compared with the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The present study indicated that iloprost and alprostadil attenuated I/R injury in skeletal muscle. However, no comparable difference was evident regarding the efficacies of either PG analog