Growth and welfare in mixed health system financing with physician dual practice in a developing economy: a case of Indonesia

Based on Indonesia’s hybrid BPJS Kesehatan health system, we analyze for welfare-optimal government financing strategy in an economy with a mixed health system using an endogenous growth framework with physician dual practice. We find the model solution to produce two vastly different regimes in terms of policy implications: a “high” public-sector congestion regime as in the benchmark case of Indonesia, and a “low” public-sector congestion, high capacity regime. In the former, welfare-optimal health financing strategy appears to be promoting private health service. In contrast, in the low-congestion, high capacity regime, a welfare-optimal strategy is to do the opposite of increasing government physician wage at the expense of private health subsidy. These results highlight the importance of developing a benchmarking system that measures the actual degree of congestion faced by the public health service in a developing economy, as it ultimately would influence the optimal health financing strategy to be pursued

'Perspiration' vs 'Inspiration' in Asian Industrialisation: Indonesia Before the Crisis

This article examines trends in and determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) in 28 manufacturing industries in Indonesia over the period 1975-93. The reforms of the mid-1980s appeared to have resulted in a significant acceleration of TFP growth. Among the inter-industry determinants of TFP growth, trade policy and orientation, domestic competitive pressures and ownership factors are singled out for scrutiny. The trade regime and one measure of domestic competition emerge as consistently important explanatory factors.total factor productivity, TFP growth, Indonesia, trade regime, domestic competition,

Determinants of Foreign Ownership in LDC Manufacturing: An Indonesian Case Study

This paper examines the determinants of foreign investment shares in the manufacturing sector of Indonesia, a large, rapidly industrializing developing country with a comparatively rich industrial database. Particular emphasis is given to the interplay between ‘industrial organization’ and ‘policy’ factors in determining these shares. Most of the industrial organization factors were found to be significantly correlated with ownership shares, although the two variables capturing intangible assets were not. Two of the three policy variables were found to be significant. Since the policy regime in developing countries is typically more interventionist than that in OECD economies, this suggests that studies of the former ignore the policy context at their peril. It is also demonstrated that the results of these types of studies are sensitive to the precise definition of ‘foreign ownership’.© 1995 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1995) 26, 139–158