3 research outputs found
Mutation of the <i>rsh</i> gene does not influence conditioning or place memory tested directly after training.
<p>Following a 30 s pre-test period (black bars), wild-type CS and <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> mutant flies were trained in two equal length periods for a total of either 6 or 20 min with 41Β°C (light gray bars). A 3 min memory was tested directly following in the post-test period (dark gray bars). The training, retention intervals, and testing patterns (both pre and post) are diagrammed for each panel, the time axis is not to scale. (<i>A</i>), Conditioning and memory tests were similar between the genotypes with 6 min of training (Nβ=β331; pre-test: Uβ=β12753.5, zβ=β1.07, Pβ=β0.28; 1<sup>st</sup> training period: Uβ=β11877.0, zβ=β2.08, Pβ=β0.04; 2<sup>nd</sup> training period: Uβ=β12888.5, zβ=β0.92, Pβ=β0.36; post-test: Uβ=β13237.0, zβ=β0.51, Pβ=β0.61). (<i>B</i>) Conditioning and memory tests were also similar between the genotypes with 20 min of training (Nβ=β232; pre-test: Uβ=β6106.5, zβ=β1.22, Pβ=β0.22; 1<sup>st</sup> training period: Uβ=β5740.5, zβ=β1.93, Pβ=β0.06; 2<sup>nd</sup> training period: Uβ=β5802.0, zβ=ββ1.81, β=β0.07; post-test: Uβ=β6463.0, zβ=ββ0.52, Pβ=β0.60). (<i>C</i>) The <i>rsh</i> gene is necessary for normal short-term place memory. Flies were trained with intermittent training and then held for varying times (1 β 40 min) before being tested for memory with a short reminder training. The <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> flies had memory performance similar to wild-type CS levels with a 1 min delay between training and the memory test (Nβ=β447, Uβ=β24641.5, zβ=β0.24, Pβ=β0.8). Significant differences were found at several time points following training (10 min: Nβ=β295, Uβ=β8637.0, zβ=β.02, ** β=β P<0.01; 20 min: Nβ=β330, Uβ=β10074.5, zβ=β3.95, *** β=β P<0.001; 30 min: Nβ=β311, Uβ=β10926.0, zβ=β1.45, Pβ=β0.1; 40 min: Nβ=β351, Uβ=β12941.5, zβ=β2.48, ** β=β P<0.01). The values are means and error bars represent s.e.m.</p
Mutation of the <i>rsh</i> gene reveals a major role in aversive olfactory memory (ARM) and is necessary for appetitive olfactory memory shortly after conditioning.
<p>Flies were either trained with odorants paired with electric shock or sugar reward. The training, cold-shock, retention intervals, and testing patterns (both pre and post) are diagrammed for each panel, the time axis is not to scale. (<i>A</i>) Olfactory memory tested three min after training is reduced in <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> flies compared to CS flies, although levels do not reach statistical significance (F(1,12) β=β3.5, Pβ=β0.09). To reveal the <i>rsh</i> function in aversive olfactory memory, wild-type CS and <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> flies were trained with odorant / shock pairings, then after 2 hrs were given a cold-shock, memory was tested 1 hr later. Memory performance of <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> flies was significantly lower than wild-type CS flies with this procedure (F(1,10) β=β5.0, * β=β Pβ=β0.04). (<i>B</i>) Appetitive olfactory short-term memory was tested at 3, 30, and 60 min after the odorant / sucrose training session. A <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> phenotype was evident at all tested time points after training (3 min: F(1,16) β=β29.2, *** β=β P<0.001; 30 min: F(1,14) β=β12.3, ** β=β P<0.01; 60 min: F(1,14) β=β12.1, ** β=β P<0.01). (<i>C</i>) The <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> appetitive short term olfactory memory phenotype is rescued with a transgenic copy of the wild-type version of the <i>rsh</i> gene (F(3,32) β=β13.0, P<0.0001; post-hoc tests: CS vs <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> *** β=βP<0.001, <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> vs. <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i>; hs-<i>rsh-1</i> * β=βP<0.05, CS vs. <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i>; hs-<i>rsh-1</i>, * β=βP<0.05; <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> vs. CS; hs-<i>rsh-1</i> * β=βP<0.05; CS vs. CS; hs-<i>rsh-1</i> * β=βP<0.05). The values are means and error bars represent s.e.m.</p
Control behaviors of wild-type CS and <i>rsh<sup>1</sup></i> mutant flies.
<p>MCH avoidance: ANOVA F(3,32) β=β1.07, Pβ=β0.4; Oct avoidance: F(3,20) β=β1.3, Pβ=β0.3; Sugar attractiveness: ANOVA F(3,44)β=β0.75, Pβ=β0.53; Activity: F(1,561)β=β3.3, Pβ=β0.07.</p