KESENJANGAN SOSIAL DALAM NOVEL "REMBULAN TENGGELAM DI WAJAHMU" KARYA TERE LIYE (Pendekatan Sosiologi Sastra)

ABSTRAK Novel "Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu" karya Tere Liye (2009) dijadikan objek penelitian karena novel tersebut mengandung kesenjangan dan berbagai masalah sosial yang memiliki keurgenan untuk diteliti. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu: 1) mendeskripsikan struktur cerita, 2) mengidentifikasi kesenjangan sosial dalam perspektif Marxisme dan Hegemoni, 3) menganalisis masalah sosial dalam novel “Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu” berdasarkan klasifikasi Soekanto. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif berdasarkan Nazir (1988). Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan teori strukturalisme Todorov, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel "Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu"  memiliki 53 fungsi utama dan 103 sekuen, mengandung peristiwa dengan urutan anakroni prospeksi, tokoh utamanya bernama Ray/Rehan, tema cerita ialah perjalanan hidup dan perubahan nasib. Pada novel tersebut, terdapat kesenjangan sosial antara masyarakat miskin dengan konglomerat, pejabat serta taipan bisnis. Bentuk kesenjangan yang ada ialah kesenjangan bidang ekonomi, hukum dan pendidikan. Adanya kesenjangan sosial menyebabkan: 1) hukum  lebih memihak pada masyarakat elite dibanding masyarakat kecil. 2) kemerosotan moral di masyarakat. 3) pendidikan rendah di masyarakat. 4) meningkatnya kriminalitas di kalangan masyarakat. 5) menimbulkan hegemoni dari kelompok elite terhadap masyarakat miskin. Cerita novel yang dikaji mengandung nilai-nilai marxisme, dimana peran infrastruktur (bidang produksi material) menentukan superstruktur (kehidupan sosial, politik dan intelektual). Terdapat hegemoni integral dan hegemoni minimum. Kata Kunci: Kesenjangan sosial, hegemoni, marxisme, novel “Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu”. ABSTRACT The novel "Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu" by Tere Liye (2009) was choosen as the object of research because the novel contains inequality and various social problems that urgent to be researched. Novel “Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu” choosed as object of research also result of considered the credibility of the author who is known to be productive and reliable. The purpose of this study are: 1) to describe the structure of the story, 2) to identify social inequality in the perspective of Marxism and Hegemony, 3) to analyze social problems in the novel "Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu" based on Soekanto's classification. This study uses a descriptive method based on Nazir (1988). Data were collected by using library research techniques. Based on Todorov theory of structuralism, results of the research show that the novel "Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu" has 53 main functions and 103 sequences. This novel contains events in an anachronic order of prospecting, the main character is Ray/Rehan. The theme of the story is the journey of life and the change of fate. The novel contains social inequality between the poor and conglomerates, high-ranking officials and business tycoons. In this novel, there are inequality in the fields of economics, law and education. The existence of social inequality causes: 1) the law is more in favor of the elite community than the poor community. 2) moral decline in society. 3) low education in society. 4) increasing crime in the society. 5) create hegemony from the elite community towards the poor. The stories in the novels studied contain the values ​​of Marxism, where the role of infrastructure (field of material production) determines the superstructure (social, political and intellectual life). The novels contain integral hegemony and minimum hegemony. Keywords: Social inequalities, hegemony, marxism, novel "Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu"