Counseling practice of community pharmacists for diabetes mellitus patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract Objective Pharmacists monitor diabetic patients more often than any other healthcare providers. It is important that they have appropriate counseling practice on diabetes mellitus management. The aim of this study is to assess the counseling practice of community pharmacists for diabetes mellitus patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Results Among 300 community pharmacy professionals, 58.3% were male. Nearly half of the community pharmacy professionals delivered appropriate counselling service on the appropriate time to administer each oral anti-diabetic drug and missed oral dose. Only 15.3% of the community pharmacy professionals gave proper counselling on the importance of continuous screening for nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy

Incidence and predictors of early posttraumatic seizures among patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury in Northwest Ethiopia: an institution-based prospective study

Abstract Background Early posttraumatic seizure (PTS) is a well-known complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can induce the development of secondary brain injuries, including increased intracranial pressure, brain death, and metabolic crisis which may result in worse outcomes. It is also a well-recognized risk factor for the development of late post-traumatic seizure and epilepsy. This study was aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of PTS among patients with moderate or severe TBI admitted to Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods and setting An institutional-based prospective follow-up study was conducted on 402 patients with TBI admitted to the neurologic unit from June 1, 2022 to January 30, 2023. A systematic sampling technique was employed. The incidence rate of occurrence of early PTS was calculated. Both bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was performed. The strength of the association was measured using adjusted hazard ratios with a 95% confidence interval and p-values < 0.05. Results The incidence rate of early PTS was 2.7 per 100 person-days observation. Early PTS was observed in 17.7% of TBI patients. Age 75 and above (AHR = 2.85, 95%CI: 1.58–5.39), severe TBI (AHR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.03–3.71), epidural hematoma (AHR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.28–4.57), brain contusion (AHR = 2.6, 95%CI: 1.07–4.09), surgical intervention (AHR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.03–3.82), posttraumatic amnesia (AHR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.08–3.48), history of comorbidities (AHR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.08–3.86), and history of alcohol abuse (AHR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.89–5.23) were potential predictors of early PTS. Conclusion The incidence of early PTS was high. Since, early PTS can worsen secondary brain damage, knowing the predictors helps to provide an effective management plan for patients likely to develop early PTS and improve their outcome

Perspectives of compounding pharmacists on alcohol-based hand sanitizer production and utilization for COVID-19 prevention in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A descriptive phenomenology study.

BackgroundGlobally, the safety of patients and healthcare providers is at risk due to health care-associated infections (HCAIs). World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend using alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) for hand hygiene in healthcare settings to prevent HCAIs. Irrational use of ABHR will have undesirable consequences including wastage of products, exposure of healthcare providers to infections and emergence of microbial resistance to the alcohol in hand sanitizers. This study aimed to explore the perspective and experiences of compounding pharmacists on production and utilization of ABHR solution for coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) prevention in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study using in-depth interview of 13 key-informants serving as compounding pharmacists in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was conducted. The study participants were identified and selected by purposive sampling. All transcribed interviews were subjected to thematic analysis and transcripts were analyzed manually.FindingsThe compounding pharmacists in this study had a mean age of 30.6 (±3.1) years and nine of the thirteen participants were men. Ten participants believed that the compounding practice in their respective sites followed the principles of good compounding practice. More than half of the participants did not believe that ABHR products were used rationally in health facilities. They argued that users did not have enough awareness when and how to use sanitizers. Most of the interviewees reported that compounding personnel had no formal training on ABHR solution production. Study participants suggested incentive mechanisms and reimbursements for experts involved in the compounding of ABHR solutions.ConclusionThree of the compounding pharmacists indicated that ABHR production in their setting lack compliance to good compounding practice due to inadequate compounding room, quality control tests, manpower and equipment. Despite this, most study participants preferred the in-house ABHR products than the commercially available ones. Thus, training, regular monitoring and follow-up of the hospital compounding services can further build staff confidence

Attitude and level of COVID-19 vaccination and its determinants among patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Introduction Coronavirus disease is a fatal viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This study was aimed to assess the attitude, level of COVID-19 vaccine uptake, and its determinants among patients with chronic diseases visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from February 1 to March 30, 2022. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify associations between dependent and independent variables. Results Among all participants, only 29.6% of patients were vaccinated with any of the COVID-19 vaccines at least one dose. Age from 31 to 40 years (AOR = 6.26, 95% CI: 2.69–14.56), attended collage and above (AOR = 6.3, 95% CI: 1.37, 28.68), positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 9.07, 95% CI: 4.51–18.22), good knowledge (AOR = 7.63, 95% CI: 1.08–16.85), history of COVID-19 (AOR = 4.33, 95% CI: 1.85–10.17), family history of COVID-19 (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI = 1.89–8.48), ever been tested for COVID-19 (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15–0.74) were determinant factors for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients with chronic disease was very low. The main reasons for not being vaccinated were doubts about vaccine efficacy, the vaccine may cause disease by itself, and fear of adverse effects. Therefore, different stakeholders should enforce vaccine uptake and awareness creation

Attitude and level of COVID-19 vaccination and its determinants among patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

IntroductionCoronavirus disease is a fatal viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This study was aimed to assess the attitude, level of COVID-19 vaccine uptake, and its determinants among patients with chronic diseases visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from February 1 to March 30, 2022. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify associations between dependent and independent variables.ResultsAmong all participants, only 29.6% of patients were vaccinated with any of the COVID-19 vaccines at least one dose. Age from 31 to 40 years (AOR = 6.26, 95% CI: 2.69-14.56), attended collage and above (AOR = 6.3, 95% CI: 1.37, 28.68), positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 9.07, 95% CI: 4.51-18.22), good knowledge (AOR = 7.63, 95% CI: 1.08-16.85), history of COVID-19 (AOR = 4.33, 95% CI: 1.85-10.17), family history of COVID-19 (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI = 1.89-8.48), ever been tested for COVID-19 (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15-0.74) were determinant factors for COVID-19 vaccine uptake.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients with chronic disease was very low. The main reasons for not being vaccinated were doubts about vaccine efficacy, the vaccine may cause disease by itself, and fear of adverse effects. Therefore, different stakeholders should enforce vaccine uptake and awareness creation

Attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine among patients with chronic disease visiting in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine among patients with chronic disease visiting in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.</p

Determinant factors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Determinant factors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.</p

Health status-related characteristics of patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Health status-related characteristics of patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.</p

Respondents’ main reason for not being vaccinated in patients with chronic disease, 2022.

Respondents’ main reason for not being vaccinated in patients with chronic disease, 2022.</p

Knowledge towards COVID-19 vaccine among patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Knowledge towards COVID-19 vaccine among patients with chronic disease visiting Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.</p