Financial Sector Development: Evidence from Institutional Reforms in Nigeria

The paper examine the impact of institutional reforms on financial sector development in Nigeria using data that span the periods of 1996 to 2011. Our findings indicates that measures of institutional reform such as regulatory quality (Rqty), government effectiveness (Gef); and political stability and absence of voice (Psav) impact strongly on financial sector development (Dcps) in Nigeria,  suggesting the need for institutional reforms that can promote viable regulatory system for the enhancement of contract enforcement; property right protection, corruption control; and to avoid any form of politically motivated violence, unconstitutional overthrownment and terrorism in Nigeria. The results of the causality test also show that financial sector development (Dcps) granger causes economic growth (Rgdp) in Nigeria. However, it is evident that future improvements in institutional quality in Nigeria, through initiation of all-encompassing reforms in the institutions, may promote financial sector development which may in turn promote economic growth.

The Impact of Telecommunication Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nigeria

This paper examined the impact of telecommunication expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria using time series data from 1970 to 2010. In conducting the analysis, the unit root tests and co-integration tests were estimated using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller technique. The estimated results show that telecommunication, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the degree of trade openness have positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria while unemployment has negative impact. The unit root test shows that real GDP and the degree of trade openness are integrated of order one, I(1) while telecommunication is and the FDI are integrated of order zero. Key words: Economic Growth, Telecommunication, unemployment and Trade openness, Nigeri

Alcohol consumption and use of contraceptives : Evidence from 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey in Nigeria

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Couples’ social characteristics, family planning, and unwanted pregnancy risk: Evidence from two Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys

Increased cases of child abandonment, homeless and street children in developing countries are traceable to proportionate rates of unwanted pregnancies. Such pregnancies impose hardships on households and increased social vices in society. In Nigeria, baby factories are continually being discovered in almost every state, thereby raising concerns about the exposure of women to the dangers of unwanted pregnancies. In order to contribute to the government’s efforts to control unwanted pregnancies in Nigeria, this study examined the effects of couples’ social characteristics and family planning methods on unwanted pregnancies in Nigeria. We applied the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method of regression analysis because of its efficiency and unbiased property in statistical analysis. Survey data from the 2013 and 2018 Nigeria’s Demographic and Health Surveys were used in the analysis. Results indicated that the more family planning methods are used in Nigeria, the fewer unwanted pregnancies will occur. Furthermore, the social characteristics of men are more important than those of women in predicting unwanted pregnancies. Based on other findings, literacy campaign in the Northern Nigeria where literacy rate is low, more counselling on the importance of modern family planning, and use of different strategies in population health awareness campaign across the different regions in Nigeria is encouraged.   Les cas accrus d'abandon d'enfants, de sans-abri et d'enfants des rues dans les pays en développement sont attribuables à des taux proportionnés de grossesses non désirées. De telles grossesses imposent des difficultés aux ménages et augmentent les vices sociaux dans la société. Au Nigeria, des usines à bébés sont continuellement découvertes dans presque tous les États, ce qui soulève des inquiétudes quant à l'exposition des femmes aux dangers des grossesses non désirées. Afin de contribuer aux efforts du gouvernement pour contrôler les grossesses non désirées au Nigeria, cette étude a examiné les effets des caractéristiques sociales des couples et des méthodes de planification familiale sur les grossesses non désirées au Nigeria. Nous avons appliqué la méthode d'analyse de régression des moindres carrés ordinaires (OLS) en raison de son efficacité et de sa propriété impartiale dans l'analyse statistique. Les données d'enquête des enquêtes démographiques et de santé du Nigéria de 2013 et 2018 ont été utilisées dans l'analyse. Les résultats ont indiqué que plus les méthodes de planification familiale sont utilisées au Nigeria, moins il y aura de grossesses non désirées. De plus, les caractéristiques sociales des hommes sont plus importantes que celles des femmes pour prédire les grossesses non désirées. Sur la base d'autres résultats, une campagne d'alphabétisation dans le nord du Nigéria, où le taux d'alphabétisation est faible, davantage de conseils sur l'importance de la planification familiale moderne et l'utilisation de différentes stratégies dans les campagnes de sensibilisation à la santé de la population dans les différentes régions du Nigéria sont encouragé

Dynamics of Population, Urban Agglomeration and Economic Growths in Sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence from Panel Data

Open Access via Wiley publishing agreement.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Do Macroeconomic Indicators Determine Income Inequality In Selected African Countries?

Open Access via the Wiley Jisc AgreementPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Financial Development and Energy Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence From Panel Vector Error Correction Model

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Government Spending Pattern and Macroeconomic Stability in Nigeria: A Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Model

Macroeconomic stability has not kept pace with the pattern of Public sector spending in majority of the developing countries. Unfortunately, past studies have mainly focused on the consequences of aggregate government spending on macroeconomic variables, or at most disaggregated government spending into capital and recurrent. In order to use government spending to effectively bring macroeconomic stability in developing countries, government spending must be decomposed according to sectors. Only very few studies have done this. We made effort to find out the components of government spending that cause macroeconomic instability in Nigeria, using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Model. Result reveals government capital expenditure on economic services is the major cause of inflation in Nigeria. Impulse response function shows inflation will respond very sharp and positively to any shock in government capital spending in economic sector and social and community services. Therefore, if government must pursue economic stability through inflation control, she must re-examine her investment in those sectors. Keywords: Government, Spending, Pattern, Macroeconomic, Stability JEL Classifications: H5, E

Does Incentive Improve Export Performance of Firms? An Evidence

Trade is an engine of growth, and favourable international trade is essential to attain internal and external stability. In recent times, many developing countries, including Nigeria, have chosen the path of export incentives as the means of achieving a favourable international trade balance. The paradigm shift is a pointer that globalization has made international trade very competitive and firms in less developed countries are at the receiving end. The present study examined the effect of export incentives on the export performance of Nigerian firms. Data were collected through a survey of 60 firms that benefited from export expansion grants (EEG). The Fixed Effect method was adopted in the study. The result shows that the export performance of the firms improved significantly with the export expansion grant. It then suggests that if the country implements all its incentive programmes, the country's external trade will improve significantly

A combined electrochemical and DFT investigation of ornidazole as a benign anti-corrosion agent for carbon steel materials in acidizing environments

The corrosion inhibition performance of ornidazole was investigated as an eco-friendly option during the acid cleaning of carbon steel using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The inhibition efficiency was noted to rise with a rise in ornidazole concentration and exposure time. The maximum inhibition efficiency after 0, 1 and 7 days were attained at 1.6 g/L with values of 93.8, 96.2 and 98.7 %, respectively. Potentiodynamic polarization revealed that indazole is a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. EIS indicates and increase in corrosion resistance with ornidazole concentration. SEM/EDX were consistent with the electrochemical results and indicate that ornidazole inhibits steel corrosion by surface adsorption which was consistent with Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0.9999). The values of Kads indicate that ornidazole is more strongly adsorbed with an increase in concentration of ornidazole. The values of ΔGads (−5.69 to −11.75 kJ/mol) indicate that the adsorption is spontaneous. The inhibitory properties were found to be related to the molecular properties indicated by theoretical insights from DFT simulations which revealed susceptible adsorption sites on the ornidazole molecules from the deduced quantum descriptors, natural population analysis, density of states and molecular electrostatic potential. The results herein indicate that ornidazole is a suitable corrosion retardant for carbon steel in acidic environments