Renal function profile of Di (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate exposed adult Wistar Rats

Background: The study was designed to investigate renal function profile upon exposure to graded oral doses of Di (2- ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the adult Wistar rats considering that DEHP leaches easily from plastic to foods, drinking water and the environmentMethods: Twenty (20) Wistar rats were administered DEHP in the doses of 0.02mg/kg, 20mg/kg and 200mg/kg body weight in blocks A, B and C respectively through the intrapharyngeal route. Rats in block D, serving as control, were administered distill water. Both treatments and distilled water were administered at a convenient dose of 0.1ml over a 30 day duration. Serum obtained from each rat was analyzed for  electrolytes (Na +, K+ , Cl- ), creatinine and ureaResults: Oral exposure of the rats to DEHP at the graded doses used in this study increased only the mean serum urea from 32.6 ± 2.63 mg/dl in control to 42.01 ± 3.05 mg/dl, 41.75 ± 1.93 mg/dl and 40.2 ± 2.82 mg/dl in rats treated with 0.02mg, 20mg and 200mg DEHP/body weight respectively. Other parameters of serum Na +, K+ , Cl- and creatinine remain unchanged. Conclusion: Exposure to oral DEHP induced an elevation of the blood urea nitrogen irrespective of dose without affecting serum creatinine and the electrolytesKeywords: Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP, Renal function, Plasticizer, Azotaemi

Investigation Into The Antibacterial And Antidiarrhoeal Properties Of Water And Ethanolic Extracts Of Psidium Guava Leaves

Objective: The water extract (WE) and ethanol extract (EE) of Psidium guava Leaf were carried out for antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal effects using patients stool and animal models. The antibacterial sensitivity tests were based on their zone of inhibition for six species of bacteria which include: Aeromonas hydrophila, 22±4mm; Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18±2mm; Shigella dysenteriae, 17±1mm; Bacillus subtilis, 16±3mm; Staphylococcus aureus, 13±1mm; and Escherichia coli, 12±2mm. Result: Their minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC, and minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC, were respectively: Aeromonas hydrophila, 3mg/ml and 5mg/ml; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6mg/ml and 9mg/ml; Bacillus subtilis, 25mg/ml and 40mg/ml; Staphylococcus aureus, 50mg/ml and 84mg/ml; while Escherichia coil gave 100mg/ml and 132mg/ml, respectively. Antidiarrhoeal effect of both the water and ethanol extracts, compared with the standard drug diphenoxylate was, clearly showed significant reduction in faecal output and protection from castor oil – induced diarrhoea in the albino rat. Conclusion: The extracts also significantly (