Horizontal axis wind turbine performance analysis

The present work uses the method of Blade Element Momentum Theory as suggested by Hansen. The method applied to three blade models adopted from Rahgozar S. with the airfoil data used the data provided by Wood D. The wind turbine performance described in term of the thrust coefficient CT, torque coefficient CQ and the power coefficient Cp . These three coefficient can be deduced from the Momentum theory or from the Blade element Theory(BET). The present work found the performance coefficient derived from the Momentum theory tent to over estimate. It is suggested to used the BET formulation in presenting these three coefficients. In overall the Blade Element Momentum Theory follows the step by step as described by Hansen work well for these three blade models. However a little adjustment on the blade data is needed. To the case of two bladed horizontal axis wind turbine, Hansen’s approach works well over if the blade radius is RB the calculation should start from r = 0.1RB

Determination of mist flow characteristic for MQL technique using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and computer fluid dynamics (CFD)

In recent years, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining is regarded as a promising method for reducing machining cost and cutting fluid, while improving cutting performance. However the effectiveness and the working principle of MQL are still questionable with very few explanations provided. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum distance between the nozzle and tool tip and appropriate flow pattern of the mist flow for minimum quantity lubricant using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD) for optimizing the spraying conditions thus reducing the lubricant consumption. The spray from the nozzle with outlet diameter of 2.5 mm is analysed using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to measure the mist flow velocity and identify the flow pattern. The input pressure of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 MPa will be discharged throughout the experiment. Higher pressure produce more mass flow rate which helps in reducing the cutting force and cutting temperature efficiently and prolong tool life. Thus the appropriate distance can reduce lubricant consumption and increase the cooling and lubricating ability with best nozzle position. The applied distance increases the efficiencies of MQL applied during machining process

Determination performance of thermoacoustic heat engine simulation by delta EC software

Thermoacoustic Heat Engine probably the most efficient energy source for electronic devices for the next 10 year ahead that require small amount of electrical energy to operate. This study was to simulate the Thermoacoustic Heat Engine (TAHE) standing wave system by conducting a Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) by using a Thermoacoustic system's software named DeltaEC for better uderstanding on the fundamental of TAHE standing wave system. Some characteristics or parameters in the system that were studied in order to derive the fundamental knowledge of TAHE standing wave system. The thickness of Hot Heat Exchangers (Hot HX) plays the major role in affecting the maximum acoustic power generated, the level of onset temperature difference and maximum pressure amplitude followed by the stack length. Hot HX dimension (thickness) contributes nearly 3.3% changes in maximum acoustic power where the lowest thickness scores the highest maximum acoustic power generated. 2.9% of increment on maximum acoustic power generated by altering the length of the stack by 5 mm

Physical Characterization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Blends as Biofuel

Palm oil has been accepted to be used as fuel with the introduction of petroleum diesel and Palm Methyl Ester (PME) in 2014. The high cost is the major drawback of PME. Not only PME is derived from an expensive low Free Fatty Acid (FFA) feedstock, the cost to convert FFA to PME through the process of trans esterification and purification of palm oil fatty acid is also expensive. Alternative feedstock of FFA is palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD is a by-product of crude palm oil (CPO) refining. It is inedible and a low price palm oil product making it attractive as a feedstock for biofuel. The high viscosity of PFAD can be reduced by blending it with diesel fuel. Five blends of PFAD and diesel blends with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% volumetric ratio were produced in this study. The physical properties of the blends such as density, viscosity, surface tension and flash point were determined and the results were compared to the Malaysian Standard for Diesel Fuel (MS123:2014). The results show that all properties of the blends are within the acceptable value for diesel fuel

Physical Characterization of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Blends as Biofuel

Palm oil has been accepted to be used as fuel with the introduction of petroleum diesel and Palm Methyl Ester (PME) in 2014. The high cost is the major drawback of PME. Not only PME is derived from an expensive low Free Fatty Acid (FFA) feedstock, the cost to convert FFA to PME through the process of trans esterification and purification of palm oil fatty acid is also expensive. Alternative feedstock of FFA is palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD is a by-product of crude palm oil (CPO) refining. It is inedible and a low price palm oil product making it attractive as a feedstock for biofuel. The high viscosity of PFAD can be reduced by blending it with diesel fuel. Five blends of PFAD and diesel blends with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% volumetric ratio were produced in this study. The physical properties of the blends such as density, viscosity, surface tension and flash point were determined and the results were compared to the Malaysian Standard for Diesel Fuel (MS123:2014). The results show that all properties of the blends are within the acceptable value for diesel fuel

Effect of impact force for dual-hose dry blasting nozzle geometry for various pressure and distance: an experimental work

Dry ice blasting plays an essential role in today’s cleaning industry, where many industry players have used it after realizing its advantages. The disadvantage of dry ice blasting is relatively small kinetic energy and offer less aggressive clean effect, especially for dual-hose nozzle geometry. This project was mainly to study the impact force of nozzle geometry of dry ice blasting concerning pressure and distance variation. The nozzle geometries with optimum size and shape are fabricated based on a recent literature study. The experimental research on the effect of the impact forces on different pressures and distances has been conducted to validate the simulation study. The result shows that the optimum nozzle design gives better performance than a based model. Besides, the optimum distance for dry ice blasting operation is less than 400 mm for the pressure range of 2 bars to 4 bars. This distance gives the maximum value of the impacted force for dry ice blasting operation in the industry

An investigational research of spray pattern for deflector flat spray nozzle using horizontal patternator

Valuation of the spray patterns and spray angle is necessary for producing nozzle applications such as in combustion process, agriculture, which is the experiment result in less liquid usage, and increased spray distribution accuracy. Therefore, this study investigate to analyze the spray distribution nozzle and consider the water consumption and spray angle using several type of deflector flat spray. First, the result should assist with spray patternator construction to determine water consumption. Then, measure of spray angle using Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera (DSLR) and image J software. The results provided support two fluid flow in the nozzle with increase of air pressure can reduce water consumption compared with single fluid flow. Effect of relationship between air pressures with water pressure in the nozzle producing the large spray angle compared water pressure only in the nozzle. Thus, fluid pressure in the nozzle is main parameter in developing on spray distribution. Spray pattern and spray angle are also an important consideration in nozzle selection and application

Novel aerosol insert design utilizing inert compressed gas

Household aerosols are self-contained handheld devices for spraying products such as air fresheners, hairspray, surface cleaners, polishes, and deodorants. Industrial aerosols are similar devices for spraying: cleaners, lubricants, paints, and adhesives. They also have hospital and specific medical uses for spraying coagulants and disinfectants. Worldwide around 20 billion devices are manufactured annually and the UK has a major share of this market, manufacturing 5 billion units, second only to the USA. Led by the Californian Air Resources Board (CARB) in 2001, there is mounting pressure for the use of liquefied gas propellants (volatile organic compounds) in aerosol cans to be banned. This paper addresses the challenges of creating a fine spray using a pressurized inert gas (non-VOC) as the propellant for household aerosols. The spray produced has to achieve a relative performance to that of a traditional fine spray VOC propellant aerosol with regard to droplet size, reach, cone angle, and flow rate. The findings of this work have demonstrated that to achieve a sub-50-µm (Dv,50) spray is extremely challenging when using compressed inert gas and single fluid alone. However, by bleeding air into the insert arrangement, a spray of 24 µm (Dv,50) can be obtained and this is comparable in droplet size to that produced by a traditional fine spray VOC aerosol

Etude des multicolimites et des multiadjoints

SIGLEBSEB223426T / UCL - Université Catholique de LouvainBEBelgiu