ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE QUADRICEPS FEMORIS DURING PERFORMANCE OF THE WINGATE TEST

WOS: 000409261000004The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAT) outputs and the Electromyography (EMG) parameters. Seventeen sedentary college males participated in the study (mean +/- SD, age 20.5 +/- 2.4 y; height 174.2 +/- 4.3 cm; body mass 66.2 +/- 7.6 kg). Surface electromyographic signals of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and rektus femoris were recorded during WAT. Power, normalized power, cadence, Mean power frequency (MPF) of each muscle and Root Mean Square (RMS) EMG were calculated as 5 s averages. Mean differences in power and cadence, mean EMG frequency and RMS EMG were analyzed by repeated measures one way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc adjustment for multiple pairwise comparisons. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the WAT performance variables and muscle EMG outputs All data are presented as mean +/- SD. The peak power and cadence decreased significantly (p0.01). There was a correlation between peak power, normalized power, cadence and MPF of the quadriceps muscles also. The results suggest that there was a correlation between mean power frequencies of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and WAT performance. The decreases of the peak power and cadence should be related to the decreases of the mean frequencies of the quadriceps muscles

EFFECTS OF TRAINING LOAD CHANGES ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE

WOS: 000496520600012Introduction: There is no previous study examining muscle damage responses from training load changes in individuals trained exclusively with repeated sprint exercise. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training load changes on physical performance and exercise-induced muscle damage in male college athletes who were trained using a 30m repeated sprint protocol. Methods: Twelve participants completed the 6-week training period (three sessions/week), which consisted of progressively increasing intensity training in the first 5 weeks. On the first day of the training period, all sprints were performed at 70-80% of maximum effort. In the first session of the 5th week (Maximal intensity training; MIT), all sprints (10x30m sprints) were performed at maximal speed. The sets (10 sprints at maximal speed in each set) were repeated until exhaustion (Exhaustive training; ET) in the first training session of the 6th week, followed by two sessions of the normal training. Isometric strength, 30m sprint performance, flexibility, serum creatine kinase (CK) and cortisol were measured periodically during the examination period. Results: Isometric strength, 30m sprint performance, and flexibility were significantly decreased following the ET, and did not recover during the following 9-day period, which consisted of two training sessions and 6 days of recovery. Cortisol was significantly elevated immediately after the ET but was not changed after training on first day and during MIT. CK was significantly elevated after training every week, but the increase at 24 hours after ET was significantly higher than after the first day and MIT. Conclusions: Dramatically increasing the volume of maximal intensity repeated sprint exercise results in greater relative muscle damage even in trained individuals, which will significantly limit their performance. Further training sessions, even at normal intensity and volume with insufficient time for muscle recovery, may prolong the duration of fatigue

Effect of water exercise on atrophic muscles associated with limited range of motion in severe haemophilia A patients: A pilot study

Purpose: Haemophilia causes musculoskeletal problems over many years secondary to recurrent hemarthrosis. In this study, the effects of water exercises on the musculoskeletal system of severe haemophilia A patients with muscle and joint problems were investigated. Material and Methods: Eleven severe haemophilia A patients on prophylaxis treatment participated in the study and following a regular exercise protocol. Results: Subjects displayed statistically significant increases in mid-thigh, upper thigh and calf circumference for right leg (42.0 +/- 2.4, 43.0 +/-2.1 ; 37.1 +/-1.9, 39.0 +/-1.8; 28.1 +/- 1.4, 28.9 +/-1.3 respectively) (mean +/- SE) in mid-thigh and upper thigh for left leg (36.9 +/- 1.5 , 38.9 +/- 1.5 ; 41.2 +/- 2.2 , 42.9 +/- 2) (p 0.05). Compared to pre-exercise values, leg extensor and flexor strength as well as range of motion were increased significantly (96.6 +/- 9 and #7506; vs 104.5+/- 8 and #7506;; before and after training for right knee, 98.5 +/- 7.6 and #7506; vs 104 +/- 7.9 and #7506; before and after training for left leg respectively) (p 0.05). In addition to that, post training serum level of growth hormone was found to be significantly higher than the pertaining value (p 0.05). Conclusion: These results show that some easily performed exercise protocols such as water exercises can promote muscle development and increase range of motion of the knee joint. Our findings indicate that appropriately designed water exercise may prevent muscle atrophy and joint deformities in haemopliliac patients. [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(3.000): 470-479