3-Benzyl-5-benzyl­idene-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one

In the title mol­ecule, C17H13NOS2, the essentially planar thia­zole ring (r.m.s deviation 0.005 Å) forms dihedral angles of 16.85 (8)° and 75.02 (8)° with the phenyl rings. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 61.95 (9)°

Frequency of Different Ligament Tears in Knee Injury On Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background: MRI had been useful in the diagnosis of ligament injuries and the tears were detected by non-invasive procedure. Objective: To determine the frequency of different ligament tears in knee injury on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was conducted with the sample size of 206 patients of both genders by selecting the convenient sampling from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Out of 206 patients, 157 were males while 49 were females. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS version 24. The results were derived by mean, frequency and standard deviation. Results: Findings shows that among 206 patients, with in age limit of 12 years to 70 years. 157(76.2%) were males and 49(23.7%) were female while 96(46.6%) were presented with ACL tear, 19(9.2%) were presented with PCL tears, 51(25.7%) were presented with MCL tears, 33(16.0%) patients were presented with LCL tears and all of these 206 patients were suffering from pain. Conclusion: We concluded that males are more prevalent than females and in this population the incidence of ACL tears is more than other ligament tears. Hence, ACL is proved to be the most injured ligament. Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament, Posterior cruciate ligament, Medial collateral ligament, Lateral collateral ligament and Magnetic resonance imaging. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/71-06 Publication date: February 29th 202

An exploration of novel applications and investigations at the interface of computing and ophthalmology

The aim of this thesis is to explore how modern computing technology can advance clinical ophthalmology. In particular it will investigate the potential for computer programming in developing measures for assessment of ophthalmic disease. Such measures could be used to advance clinical care or as research tools, providing objective outcomes to power more robust clinical trials. Key aspects of clinical ophthalmic assessment are measurement of visual function and observation of anatomical structures. To provide a full demonstration of the scope for computing this thesis will demonstrate innovative measures for both peripheral and central vision as well as image analysis algorithms applicable to structures from the anterior of the eye to the posterior. For peripheral vision testing we investigated a novel technique for assessment of young children using computer games to hold their attention. Our device demonstrated the potential for drastically improving compliance to obtain useful and accurate visual field results. For central vision assessment we developed a prototype visual function tester for patients with macular degeneration. Specifically we were able to demonstrate the feasibility of programming an iPad© such that patients with macular degeneration could perform and physically respond satisfactorily when self testing their vision. Combining advances in electronics and computing we present data to support the potential for using iris recognition cameras to image eyes of children with diseases that cause their corneas to become cloudy and lose transparency. We were subsequently able to apply our own algorithms to produce a score for the opacification of the cornea that would be useful in quantifying these diseases. Finally, with regard to image analysis applications, we describe the development and validation of algorithms for assessment of posterior capsule opacification (re-growth of cataract) and for haemorrhage assessment. All programming and scientific development was done by the author and this thesis therefore presents the potential for computer software development by an ophthalmologist as a model for the invention of new and novel measures at the interface of computing and ophthalmology

Iris recognition in the presence of ocular disease

Iris recognition systems are among the most accurate of all biometric technologies with immense potential for use in worldwide security applications. This study examined the effect of eye pathology on iris recognition and in particular whether eye disease could cause iris recognition systems to fail. The experiment involved a prospective cohort of 54 patients with anterior segment eye disease who were seen at the acute referral unit of the Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion in Edinburgh. Iris camera images were obtained from patients before treatment was commenced and again at follow-up appointments after treatment had been given. The principal outcome measure was that of mathematical difference in the iris recognition templates obtained from patients' eyes before and after treatment of the eye disease. Results showed that the performance of iris recognition was remarkably resilient to most ophthalmic disease states, including corneal oedema, iridotomies (laser puncture of iris) and conjunctivitis. Problems were, however, encountered in some patients with acute inflammation of the iris (iritis/anterior uveitis). The effects of a subject developing anterior uveitis may cause current recognition systems to fail. Those developing and deploying iris recognition should be aware of the potential problems that this could cause to this key biometric technology