Time trial performance data for each treatment.

<p>Means ± SE n  =  8 a significantly different to DECAF and PLA (p<0.05) b significantly different to DECAF and PLA (p<0.05) Abbreviations: CAF Caffeine, COF Coffee, DECAF Decaffeinated Coffee, PLA Placebo.</p

Participant characteristics and pre-trial dietary intakes.

<p>Participant characteristics and pre-trial dietary intakes.</p

Urine void volume and USG.

<p>Values are means ± SD.</p

Mean body mass.

<p>* Significant difference between days. <i>n</i> = 50.</p

Twenty four hour urine collection.

<p>Values are means ± SD.</p><p>Coffee significantly higher than water.</p><p>Day 2 significantly higher than day 1.</p

Mean total body water estimates from Day 1–Day 3.

<p><i>n</i> = 25.</p

Mean caffeine and chlorogenic acid (Total 5-QCA) concentration in each treatment beverage serving.

<p>Abbreviations: CQA Caffeoylquinic acid, 5-CQA 5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, 4-CQA 4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, 5-FQA 5-O-Feruloylquinic acid, 4-FQA 4-O-Feruloylquinic acid, 3,5-diCQA 3,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-diCQA 3,4-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-diCQA 4,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-CFQA 4,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, ml millilitres, mg milligrams, CAF Caffeine, COF Coffee, DECAF Decaffeinated Coffee, PLA Placebo.</p

Plasma caffeine concentrations following ingestion of caffeine, coffee, decaf or placebo beverages.

<p>a CAF significantly different to DECAF and PLA (p<0.001) b COF significantly different to DECAF and PLA (p<0.05). Data represented seen as Closed circles – Caffeine Open circles – Caffeinated Coffee Closed triangles – Decaffeinated coffee Open triangles – Placebo Means ± SE n = 7.</p

Effect of caffeine consumption on urine production.

<p>Effect of caffeine consumption on urine production.</p

Carbohydrate oxidation (g/min) (A) and fat oxidation (g/min) (B) rates during 30 min steady state exercise (55% VO₂ max) 1 hour following ingestion of caffeine, coffee, decaf or placebo beverages.

<p>Data represented seen as Closed circles – Caffeine Open circles – Caffeinated Coffee Closed triangles – Decaffeinated coffee Open triangles – Placebo. Means ± SE n = 8</p