Activated carbon from scrap tires for water purification

Activated carbon from scrap tires for water purificatio

Synergic Adsorption–Biodegradation by an Advanced Carrier for Enhanced Removal of High-Strength Nitrogen and Refractory Organics

Coking wastewater contains not only high-strength nitrogen but also toxic biorefractory organics. This study presents simultaneous removal of high-strength quinoline, carbon, and ammonium in coking wastewater by immobilized bacterial communities composed of a heterotrophic strain Pseudomonas sp. QG6 (hereafter referred as QG6), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (anammox). The bacterial immobilization was implemented with the help of a self-designed porous cubic carrier that created structured microenvironments including an inner layer adapted for anaerobic bacteria, a middle layer suitable for coaggregation of certain aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and an outer layer for heterotrophic bacteria. By coating functional polyurethane foam (FPUF) with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), the biocarrier (IONPs–FPUF) could provide a good outer-layer barrier for absorption and selective treatment of aromatic compounds by QG6, offer a conducive environment for anammox in the inner layer, and provide a mutualistic environment for AOB in the middle layer. Consequently, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were reached with the significant removal of up to 322 mg L^–1 (98%) NH₄, 311 mg L^–1 (99%) NO₂, and 633 mg L^–1 (97%) total nitrogen (8 mg L^–1 averaged NO₃ concentration was recorded in the effluent), accompanied by an efficient removal of chemical oxygen demand by 3286 mg L^–1 (98%) and 350 mg L^–1 (100%) quinoline. This study provides an alternative way to promote synergic adsorption and biodegradation with the help of a modified biocarrier that has great potential for treatment of wastewater containing high-strength carbon, toxic organic pollutants, and nitrogen

Quinoxaline-Containing Nonfullerene Small-Molecule Acceptors with a Linear A₂‑A₁‑D‑A₁‑A₂ Skeleton for Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Organic Solar Cells

We used the quinoxaline (Qx) unit to design and synthesize two nonfullerene small-molecule acceptors of Qx1 and Qx1b with an A₂-A₁-D-A₁-A₂ skeleton, where indacenodithiophene (IDT), Qx, and rhodanine (R) were adopted as the central donor (D), bridge acceptors (A₁), and terminal acceptors (A₂), respectively. Qx1 and Qx1b contain different side chains of 4-hexylphenyl and octyl in the central IDT segment to modulate the properties of final small molecules. Both small molecules show good thermal stability, high solubility, and strong and broad absorption spectra with optical band gaps of 1.74 and 1.68 eV, respectively. Qx1 and Qx1b exhibit the complementary absorption spectra with the classic poly­(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of −3.60 and −3.66 eV, respectively. Polymer solar cells based on P3HT:Qx1 showed a high open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_oc) of 1.00 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.03%, whereas P3HT:Qx1b achieved a <i>V</i>_oc of 0.95 V and a PCE of 4.81%. These results demonstrate that the Qx unit is also an effective building block to construct promising n-type nonfullerene small molecules to realize a relatively high <i>V</i>_oc and PCE for P3HT-based solar cells

Nanostructured Electrode Materials Derived from Metal–Organic Framework Xerogels for High-Energy-Density Asymmetric Supercapacitor

This work successfully demonstrates metal–organic framework (MOF) derived strategy to prepare nanoporous carbon (NPC) with or without Fe₃O₄/Fe nanoparticles by the optimization of calcination temperature as highly active electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC). The nanostructured Fe₃O₄/Fe/C hybrid shows high specific capacitance of 600 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and excellent capacitance retention up to 500 F/g at 8 A/g. Furthermore, hierarchically NPC with high surface area also obtained from MOF gels displays excellent electrochemical performance of 272 F/g at 2 mV/s. Considering practical applications, aqueous ASC (aASC) was also assembled, which shows high energy density of 17.496 Wh/kg at the power density of 388.8 W/kg. The high energy density and excellent capacity retention of the developed materials show great promise for the practical utilization of these energy storage devices

Facile Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Sandwiched MnO₂@GCs@MnO₂ Hybrid Nanostructured Electrode for Electrochemical Capacitors

Designable control over the morphology and structure of active materials is highly desirable for achieving high-performance devices. Here, we develop a facile microwave-assisted synthesis to decorate MnO₂ nanocrystals on three-dimensional (3D) graphite-like capsules (GCs) to obtain sandwich nanostructures (3D MnO₂@GCs@MnO₂) as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors (ECs). A templated growth of the 3D GCs was carried out via catalytic chemical vapor deposition and MnO₂ was decorated on the exterior and interior surfaces of the GC walls through microwave irradiation to build an engineered architecture with robust structural and morphological stability. The unique sandwiched architecture has a large interfacial surface area, and allows for rapid electrolyte diffusion through its hollow/open framework and fast electronic motion via the carbon backbone. Furthermore, the tough and rigid nature of GCs provides the necessary structural stability, and the strong synergy between MnO₂ and GCs leads to high electrochemical activity in both neutral (265.1 F/g at 0.5 A/g) and alkaline (390 F/g at 0.5 A/g) electrolytes. The developed hybrid exhibits stable capacitance up to 6000 cycles in 1 M Na₂SO₄. The hybrid is a potential candidate for future ECs and the present study opens up an effective avenue to design hybrid materials for various applications

Synthesis of Novel ZnV₂O₄ Hierarchical Nanospheres and Their Applications as Electrochemical Supercapacitor and Hydrogen Storage Material

Hierarchical nanostructures (Hs) have recently garnered enormous attention due to their remarkable performances in catalysis, electronic devices, energy storage and conversion. Considering the advantage of hierarchical nanostructures, we have formulated a facile and template free method to synthesize novel hierarchical nanospheres (NHNs) of ZnV₂O₄. Both zinc and vanadium are earth abundant, relatively economical and can offer several oxidation states, which can render a broad range of redox reactions favorable for electrochemical energy storage applications. Keeping these points in mind, we investigated for the first time the electrochemical supercapacitor performance of NHNs. The electrochemical measurements were performed in 2 M KOH solution. The measured specific capacitance of ZnV₂O₄ electrode is 360 F/g at 1 A/g with good stability and retention capacity of 89% after 1000 cycles. Moreover, the hydrogen storage properties of NHNs were measured at 473, 573, and 623 K with an absorption of 1.76, 2.03, and 2.49 wt %. respectively. These studies pave the way to consider ZnV₂O₄ as prospective material for energy storage applications

Tunable Free-Standing Core–Shell CNT@MoSe₂ Anode for Lithium Storage

Heterogeneous nanostructuring of MoSe₂ over a carbon nanotube (CNT) sponge as a free-standing electrode not only brings higher performance but also eliminates the need for dead elements such as a binder, conductive carbon, and supportive current collectors. Further, the porous CNT sponge can be easily compacted via an intense densification of the active material MoSe₂ to produce an electrode with a high mass loading for a significantly improved areal capacity. In this work, we present a tunable coating of MoSe₂ on a CNT sponge to fabricate a core–shell MoSe₂@CNT anode. The three-dimensional nanotubular sponge is synthesized via a solvothermal process, followed by thermal annealing to improve crystallization. Structural and morphological studies revealed that MoSe₂ grew as a layered structure (<i>d</i> = 0.66 nm), where numbers of layers can be controlled to yield optimized results for Li⁺ storage. We showed that the 10-layer core–shell CNT@MoSe₂ hybrid sponge delivered a discharge capacity of 820.5 mAh g^–1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g^–1 with a high cyclic stability and rate capability. Further, an ex situ structural and morphological analysis revealed that ionic storage causes a phase change in MoSe₂ from a crystalline to a partial amorphous state for a continuous increase in the capacity with extended cycling. We believe that the strategy developed here will assist users to tune the electrode materials for future energy-storage devices, especially how the materials are changing with the passage of time and their effects on the device performance

Additional file 1: of Plasma virome of cattle from forest region revealed diverse small circular ssDNA viral genomes

Primers used in the specific screening PCR and inverse PCR. (PDF 54 kb

Additional file 2: of Plasma virome of cattle from forest region revealed diverse small circular ssDNA viral genomes

The sequence reads of papillomavirus and picobirnavirus in library cattle02. (PDF 33 kb

Supplementary Figure 4: Predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients following left ventricular assist device implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

Supplementary Figure 4</p