14 research outputs found
Activated carbon from scrap tires for water purification
Activated carbon from scrap tires for water purificatio
Synergic Adsorption–Biodegradation by an Advanced Carrier for Enhanced Removal of High-Strength Nitrogen and Refractory Organics
Coking
wastewater contains not only high-strength nitrogen but also toxic
biorefractory organics. This study presents simultaneous removal of
high-strength quinoline, carbon, and ammonium in coking wastewater
by immobilized bacterial communities composed of a heterotrophic strain Pseudomonas sp. QG6 (hereafter referred as QG6),
ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and anaerobic ammonium oxidation
bacteria (anammox). The bacterial immobilization was implemented with
the help of a self-designed porous cubic carrier that created structured
microenvironments including an inner layer adapted for anaerobic bacteria,
a middle layer suitable for coaggregation of certain aerobic and anaerobic
bacteria, and an outer layer for heterotrophic bacteria. By coating
functional polyurethane foam (FPUF) with iron oxide nanoparticles
(IONPs), the biocarrier (IONPs–FPUF) could provide a good outer-layer
barrier for absorption and selective treatment of aromatic compounds
by QG6, offer a conducive environment for anammox in the inner layer,
and provide a mutualistic environment for AOB in the middle layer.
Consequently, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were
reached with the significant removal of up to 322 mg L<sup>–1</sup> (98%) NH<sub>4</sub>, 311 mg L<sup>–1</sup> (99%) NO<sub>2</sub>, and 633 mg L<sup>–1</sup> (97%) total nitrogen (8
mg L<sup>–1</sup> averaged NO<sub>3</sub> concentration was
recorded in the effluent), accompanied by an efficient removal of
chemical oxygen demand by 3286 mg L<sup>–1</sup> (98%) and
350 mg L<sup>–1</sup> (100%) quinoline. This study provides
an alternative way to promote synergic adsorption and biodegradation
with the help of a modified biocarrier that has great potential for
treatment of wastewater containing high-strength carbon, toxic organic
pollutants, and nitrogen
Quinoxaline-Containing Nonfullerene Small-Molecule Acceptors with a Linear A<sub>2</sub>‑A<sub>1</sub>‑D‑A<sub>1</sub>‑A<sub>2</sub> Skeleton for Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Organic Solar Cells
We
used the quinoxaline (Qx) unit to design and synthesize two nonfullerene
small-molecule acceptors of Qx1 and Qx1b with an A<sub>2</sub>-A<sub>1</sub>-D-A<sub>1</sub>-A<sub>2</sub> skeleton, where indacenodithiophene
(IDT), Qx, and rhodanine (R) were adopted as the central donor (D),
bridge acceptors (A<sub>1</sub>), and terminal acceptors (A<sub>2</sub>), respectively. Qx1 and Qx1b contain different side chains of 4-hexylphenyl
and octyl in the central IDT segment to modulate the properties of
final small molecules. Both small molecules show good thermal stability,
high solubility, and strong and broad absorption spectra with optical
band gaps of 1.74 and 1.68 eV, respectively. Qx1 and Qx1b exhibit
the complementary absorption spectra with the classic polyÂ(3-hexylthiophene)
(P3HT) and the high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy
levels of −3.60 and −3.66 eV, respectively. Polymer
solar cells based on P3HT:Qx1 showed a high open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>oc</sub>) of 1.00 V and a power conversion efficiency
(PCE) of 4.03%, whereas P3HT:Qx1b achieved a <i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> of 0.95 V and a PCE of 4.81%. These results demonstrate
that the Qx unit is also an effective building block to construct
promising n-type nonfullerene small molecules to realize a relatively
high <i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> and PCE for P3HT-based solar
cells
Nanostructured Electrode Materials Derived from Metal–Organic Framework Xerogels for High-Energy-Density Asymmetric Supercapacitor
This work successfully demonstrates
metal–organic framework (MOF) derived strategy to prepare nanoporous
carbon (NPC) with or without Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe nanoparticles
by the optimization of calcination temperature as highly active electrode
materials for asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC). The nanostructured
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe/C hybrid shows high specific capacitance
of 600 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and excellent capacitance
retention up to 500 F/g at 8 A/g. Furthermore, hierarchically NPC
with high surface area also obtained from MOF gels displays excellent
electrochemical performance of 272 F/g at 2 mV/s. Considering practical
applications, aqueous ASC (aASC) was also assembled, which shows high
energy density of 17.496 Wh/kg at the power density of 388.8 W/kg.
The high energy density and excellent capacity retention of the developed
materials show great promise for the practical utilization of these
energy storage devices
Facile Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Sandwiched MnO<sub>2</sub>@GCs@MnO<sub>2</sub> Hybrid Nanostructured Electrode for Electrochemical Capacitors
Designable control over the morphology and structure
of active materials is highly desirable for achieving high-performance
devices. Here, we develop a facile microwave-assisted synthesis to
decorate MnO<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals on three-dimensional (3D) graphite-like
capsules (GCs) to obtain sandwich nanostructures (3D MnO<sub>2</sub>@GCs@MnO<sub>2</sub>) as electrode materials for electrochemical
capacitors (ECs). A templated growth of the 3D GCs was carried out
via catalytic chemical vapor deposition and MnO<sub>2</sub> was decorated
on the exterior and interior surfaces of the GC walls through microwave
irradiation to build an engineered architecture with robust structural
and morphological stability. The unique sandwiched architecture has
a large interfacial surface area, and allows for rapid electrolyte
diffusion through its hollow/open framework and fast electronic motion
via the carbon backbone. Furthermore, the tough and rigid nature of
GCs provides the necessary structural stability, and the strong synergy
between MnO<sub>2</sub> and GCs leads to high electrochemical activity
in both neutral (265.1 F/g at 0.5 A/g) and alkaline (390 F/g at 0.5
A/g) electrolytes. The developed hybrid exhibits stable capacitance
up to 6000 cycles in 1 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. The hybrid
is a potential candidate for future ECs and the present study opens
up an effective avenue to design hybrid materials for various applications
Synthesis of Novel ZnV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Hierarchical Nanospheres and Their Applications as Electrochemical Supercapacitor and Hydrogen Storage Material
Hierarchical nanostructures (Hs)
have recently garnered enormous attention due to their remarkable
performances in catalysis, electronic devices, energy storage and
conversion. Considering the advantage of hierarchical nanostructures,
we have formulated a facile and template free method to synthesize
novel hierarchical nanospheres (NHNs) of ZnV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Both zinc and vanadium are earth abundant, relatively economical
and can offer several oxidation states, which can render a broad range
of redox reactions favorable for electrochemical energy storage applications.
Keeping these points in mind, we investigated for the first time the
electrochemical supercapacitor performance of NHNs. The electrochemical
measurements were performed in 2 M KOH solution. The measured specific
capacitance of ZnV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> electrode is 360 F/g at
1 A/g with good stability and retention capacity of 89% after 1000
cycles. Moreover, the hydrogen storage properties of NHNs were measured
at 473, 573, and 623 K with an absorption of 1.76, 2.03, and 2.49
wt %. respectively. These studies pave the way to consider ZnV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as prospective material for energy storage applications
Tunable Free-Standing Core–Shell CNT@MoSe<sub>2</sub> Anode for Lithium Storage
Heterogeneous
nanostructuring of MoSe<sub>2</sub> over a carbon
nanotube (CNT) sponge as a free-standing electrode not only brings
higher performance but also eliminates the need for dead elements
such as a binder, conductive carbon, and supportive current collectors.
Further, the porous CNT sponge can be easily compacted via an intense
densification of the active material MoSe<sub>2</sub> to produce an
electrode with a high mass loading for a significantly improved areal
capacity. In this work, we present a tunable coating of MoSe<sub>2</sub> on a CNT sponge to fabricate a core–shell MoSe<sub>2</sub>@CNT anode. The three-dimensional nanotubular sponge is synthesized
via a solvothermal process, followed by thermal annealing to improve
crystallization. Structural and morphological studies revealed that
MoSe<sub>2</sub> grew as a layered structure (<i>d</i> =
0.66 nm), where numbers of layers can be controlled to yield optimized
results for Li<sup>+</sup> storage. We showed that the 10-layer core–shell
CNT@MoSe<sub>2</sub> hybrid sponge delivered a discharge capacity
of 820.5 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> after 100 cycles at 100 mA g<sup>–1</sup> with a high cyclic stability and rate capability.
Further, an ex situ structural and morphological analysis revealed
that ionic storage causes a phase change in MoSe<sub>2</sub> from
a crystalline to a partial amorphous state for a continuous increase
in the capacity with extended cycling. We believe that the strategy
developed here will assist users to tune the electrode materials for
future energy-storage devices, especially how the materials are changing
with the passage of time and their effects on the device performance
Additional file 1: of Plasma virome of cattle from forest region revealed diverse small circular ssDNA viral genomes
Primers used in the specific screening PCR and inverse PCR. (PDF 54 kb
Additional file 2: of Plasma virome of cattle from forest region revealed diverse small circular ssDNA viral genomes
The sequence reads of papillomavirus and picobirnavirus in library cattle02. (PDF 33 kb
Supplementary Figure 4: Predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients following left ventricular assist device implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx
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