The intuitionistic fuzzy multi-criteria decision making based on inclusion degree

This paper introduces a new intuitionistic fuzzy multicriteria decision making method of evaluation based on degree of inclusion of two intuitionistic fuzzy sets. We have called the new technique TOPIIS (Technique to Order Preference by Inclusion of Ideal Solution). The technique is applied to develop an effective employee performance appraisal

Integration of Requirement Engineering Challenges with Its Practices in Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

This study focuses on the problems and solutions that are useful and insightful evaluated. Requirement Engineering of the standard model of the process of life, in spite of the high degree of implementation, I know very little about the problems that arise and I make the process work better. And besides, many of these specific issues and discuss ways to improve them. I have tried to categorize the types of challenges because of their similarities are connected. And again, I talked about many of these general issues and their application to do so. Keywords: Requirement engineering challenges for Enterprise Resource Planning systems; Practices for Requirement engineering of Enterprise Resource Planning; Better Requirement Engineering model for Enterprise Resource Planning; Enterprise Resource Planning Requirement engineering integration; Categorized solutions to the challenges of Requirement engineering in Enterprise Resource Planning systems

Effects of Carica Papaya Leaf Extract on Blood Hematology, Serum Biochemistry and Immune Response of Broilers

Background: As an alternative of antibiotic growth promoters, medicinal plants are the most popular options. Papaya leaves are good source of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and enzymes which provide aid in digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and overcome the microbial load and used as a growth promoter and antibiotic in broiler performance. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of papaya leaf extract in drinking water as a replacement of commercial antibiotic on blood hematology, serum biochemistry and immune response of broilers for the duration of 35 days.Methods: In this experiment, 180 one-day old chicks were randomly distributed into 6 treatments. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates having 10 chicks each. Feed was offered ad-libitum to broilers. Six treatments; G1 {(basal diet + antibiotic growth promoter (enramycin) + coccidiostat (salinomycin)}, G2 (basal diet without antibiotic growth promotor and coccidiostat), G3 (basal diet + 0.5% papaya extract), G4 (basal diet + 1.0% papaya extract), G5 (basal diet + 1.5% papaya extract) and G6 (basal diet + 2.0% papaya extract) were designed. Blood samples were taken for serum biochemistry, hematology and titer against Newcastle disease. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance technique by completely randomized design using SAS and Tukey’s test were used for comparison of means.Results: Birds received various level of papaya extract had no effect on serum biochemistry and hematology parameters except triglyceride levels which were significantly lower in G2 (15.00±15.00, commercial diet) and G6 (17.43±9.87, commercial diet + 2% papaya extract) at 17th day and 35th day where it failed to show significant difference. However, Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease titers were not affected by the treatments.Conclusion: It can be concluded that papaya leaf extract may be used in broiler diet as commercial antibiotics replacement.Keywords: Papaya leaf extract; Antibiotics; Immune response; Broile

An assessment of social, economic and managemental factors affecting average production per week in commercial layers at district Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan

Background: The research was conducted to identify social, economic and management factors that may affect the total egg production in terms of total number of weak for average peak production in layers at district Toba Tek Singh.Methods: Sampling method was based on primary data collected through survey. Twenty-five layer farms were selected randomly with three different types of production systems (viz., open sided litter floor system, Semi controlled cage system and semi controlled litter floor system). Farmers were visited personally and interviewed. The data were analyzed by MINITAB-17 using multiple regression analysis.Results: Result showed that 12% of the respondents are under the age of 25 years, 80% fall between the age of 25-50 years, 8% fall more than the age of 50 and above. Study showed that more than 50% farmers are having qualification above secondary level i.e., 48 % are within the range of higher secondary and graduation, while 4% are specialized in animal production and health (veterinarian). Majority of the farmers had a farm size less than a capacity of 25000 birds, while only 16% farmers had a farm size with a capacity of above 50000 birds. The House type, Birds at first lay, Age at data recording, Age at first egg and Feed cost were significant (P≤0.01). However, demographic variables were non-significant at all levels of probability. The results showed that the economic and management factors of farmers have significant effect on average peak production of layers kept by them.Conclusion: The importance of the economic and management factors, concluded significant influence made by the social, economic and management factors on poultry egg production.Keywords: Social; Economic; Management; Peak production; Layer

The Woes of Economic Burden of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Cases Borne by Public Sector Hospital of Pakistan

Objectives: To highlight the role of public sector hospitals in sharing the major burden of severely head injured patients in a resource constrained economically striving countryMaterials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Neurosurgery department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. 70 patients with moderate to severe TBI cases above one year of age were included. The data was analyzed for the cost estimation for the period of six months, for the following heads: 1) hospital cost per day, 2) ICU setup cost per day, and 3) salaries of hospital staff per day.Results: There were 53 cases of moderate injury and 17 cases of severe injury. Mean hospital stay was 14 days, minimum number of stay was 2 days and the maximum number of stay was 124 days in six months. Overall, in six months, per day cost of hospital bills head was Rs. 42,333/$263/€ 238. For the ICU setup head, the total cost was Rs. 17,9923/$1130/€ 1016 per day. The salary head’s total cost was Rs. 2573/16.06/€ 14.44. The grand total of all heads, (bills, ICU setup & salaries) was Rs. 22,482,29/1409/€ 1270.Conclusion: We evaluated the cost effectiveness of the Neurocritical care unit of a public sector hospital who provides the best possible health care facilities at a cheaper rate as compared to developed countries. We are highlighting the economic burden borne by the developing country’s government

US201 Study: A Phase 2, Randomized Proof-of-Concept Trial of Favipiravir for the Treatment of COVID-19

Background: Favipiravir is used to treat influenza, and studies demonstrate that it has antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: We performed a randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase 2 proof-of-concept trial of favipiravir in hospitalized adult patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients were randomized to standard of care (SOC) or favipiravir treatment (1800mg per os twice a day [b.i.d.] on day 1, followed by 1000mg b.i.d. for 13 days). The primary end point was time to viral clearance on day 29. Results: Fifty patients were enrolled and stratified by disease severity (critical disease, severe disease, or mild to moderate disease). Nineteen patients were censored from the event of viral clearance based on being SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative at the study outset, being PCR-positive at day 29, or because of loss to follow-up. Data from the 31 remaining patients who achieved viral clearance show enhanced viral clearance in the favipiravir group compared with the SOC group by day 29, with 72% of the favipiravir group and 52% of the SOC group being evaluable for viral clearance through day 29. The median time to viral clearance was 16.0 days (90% CI, 12.0 to 29.0) in the favipiravir group and 30.0 days (90% CI, 12.0 to 31.0) in the SOC group. A post hoc analysis revealed an effect in the subgroup of patients who were neutralizing antibody-negative at randomization. Treatment-emergent adverse events were equally distributed between the groups. Conclusions: We demonstrate that favipiravir can be safely administered to hospitalized adults with COVID-19 and believe that further studies are warranted. ClinicalTrialsgov registration: NCT04358549