Sequences of primers used for qPCR detection of methanogens and bacteria.

<p>F: forward primer; R: reverse primer.</p

Relative abundance of different species of microorganisms in different parts of the digestive tract of calves during the first four days after birth.

<p>The abundance of <i>Methanomicrobiales mobile</i>, <i>Methanococcales votae</i>, <i>Methanobrevibacter</i> spp. and <i>Geobacter</i> spp. was determined in (A) rumen fluid, (B) rumen tissue, (C) abomasum, (D) cecum fluid, (E) cecum tissue, and (F) feces of calves of 0 days old (blue bars), 1 day old (orange bars), 2 days old (grey bars), and 3 days old (yellow bars). Abundance, as Log₁₀ copy number per μl of 16S ribosomal DNA, is expressed relative to the lowest value among all species. Data are means ± SEM (n = 3). For each species, data without a common letter are significantly different (ANOVA, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Note the logarithmic scale of the y-axis.</p

Confocal scanning laser microscopy images of <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> grown with different electron acceptors.

<p>Confocal scanning laser microscopy images of current harvesting and fumarate control biofilms of wild type <i>G. sulfurreducens.</i> Metabolically active (green) and inactive (red) cells where differentiated with a LIVE/DEAD kit based on the permeability of the cell membrane. A. 3-D projection, top view, fumarate control biofilm; B. slices through biofilm parallel to electrode large panel and perpendicular to electrode top and side panel, fumarate control biofilm; C. 3-D projection, top view, current harvesting biofilm; D. slices through biofilm parallel to electrode large panel and perpendicular to electrode top and side panel, current harvesting biofilm.</p

Maximal current production of fuel cells inoculated with wild-type cells of <i>G. sulfurreducens</i> or strains with the designated genes deleted or the deleted genes complemented via expression of the designated gene on a plasmid.

<p>Values are the average±the standard deviation of triplicates.</p

Primers used for mutant construction, complementation and RT-PCR analyses.

<p>Primers used for mutant construction, complementation and RT-PCR analyses.</p

Gene transcripts whose expression (arithmetic) was significantly increased when <i>G. sulfurreducens</i> was grown within a current-harvesting 10 mA potentiostat biofilm versus a fumarate control biofilm.

<p>Limma Analysis with a maximum p value of 0.001 was used for statistical analysis.</p

Gene transcripts whose expression (arithmetic) was significantly decreased when <i>G. sulfurreducens</i> was grown within a current-harvesting 10 mA potentiostat biofilm versus a fumarate control biofilm.

<p>Limma Analysis with a maximum p value of 0.001 was used for statistical analysis. Genes included has log2 ratios of greater than 1.</p

RT-PCR of genes up-regulated in microarray analyses.

<p>Fold change of <i>pilA</i>, <i>omcB</i>, <i>omcE</i>, <i>omcS</i>, <i>omcZ</i> and GSU1497 at different amounts of current produced compared to a soluble Fe(III) control as determined by quantitative RT-PCR.</p