Subjective Visual Vertical and Horizontal Abnormalities in a Patient with Lateral Medullary Syndrome-A Case Report

Introduction: Evaluation of persistent vertigo in post infarct patients is very important as the management depends on whether the cause is purely of central origin or due to associated vestibular affliction.   Case Report: A patient with left sided dorsolateral medullary syndrome and persistent vestibular symptoms was evaluated. Vestibular test battery showed abnormal smooth pursuit, bilateral hyperactive caloric responses, and abnormal dynamic subjective visual vertical and dynamic subjective visual horizontal tests.   Conclusion:  Dorsolateral medullary infarctions (Wallenberg’s syndrome) typically cause a central vestibular tonus imbalance in the roll plane with ipsilateral deviations of perceived vertical orientation. The SVV and SVH tests may have a role in localizing the pathology in a patient with lateral medullary syndrome

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Electrospun SrNb2O6 photoanodes from single-source precursors for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Electrospinning of SrNb2O6 nanofibers from a single bimetallic alkoxide precursor [SrNb2((OPr)-Pr-i)(12)((HOPr)-Pr-i)] and the application of resulting oxide nanofiber meshes as potential photoanode material for solar water splitting is reported. Direct formation of single phase SrNb2O6 nanofibers from the precursor gel was favored by the tailored Sr:Nb ratio (1:2) and preordering of cations through Sr-O(R)-Nb units present in the molecular precursor. X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the chemical composition and formation of SrNb2O6 phase. A minor amount of orthorhombic SrNb6O16 phase was observed, when small excess of alkali metal was present during the precursor synthesis. The optical bandgap of photoelectrodes, produced by doctor blading and spin coating of the nanofibers, revealed bandgap energies between 3.25 and 3.43 eV, owing to different microstructure of the photoelectrodes. The measurement of photoelectrochemical properties in basic conditions showed photocurrent density values at 1.23 eV ranging from 0.06 mA/cm(2) to 0.16 mA/cm(2). A maximum value of 0.6 mA/cm(2) was obtained for spin-coated nanofiber photoelectrodes

Precursor-Derived Rare Earth Metal Pyrochlores: Nd2Sn2O7 Nanofibers and Thin Films As Efficient Photoabsorbers

Single phase rare earth pyrochlores, Ln(2)M(2)O(7), were produced as nanofibers and thin films by electrospinning and spin-coating of chemical sols obtained from bimetallic metalorganic precursors, Ln(III)M(II)((OBu)-Bu-t)(5)Py (Ln(III) = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Er, Yb; M-II = Ge, Sn, Pb; Py = pyridine). Compatibility of the metal ratio in the single-source compounds was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and the ratio was preserved during the processing as the crystalline pyrochlore materials originated from an amorphous preceramic aggregate as confirmed by powder XRD and TEM studies. The photocatalytic activity of the Nd2Sn2O7 nanofibers was found to be significantly higher than that of TiO2. Nd2Sn2O7 thin films deposited on F:SnO2 as bilayered Nd2Sn2O7//Fe2O3 photoanodes showed superior photoelectrochemical (PEC) efficiency for water splitting reaction with an over 3-fold higher photocurrent density than bare Fe2O3 photoanodes

Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens in Potable Spring Water of Eastern Indian Himalayas: Emphasis on Virulence Gene and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli

Every year millions of people die due to fatal waterborne diseases around the world especially in developing countries like India. Sikkim, a northeastern state of India, greatly depends on natural water sources. About 80% of the population of Sikkim depends on natural spring water for domestic as well as agricultural use. Recent waterborne disease outbreaks in the state raises a concerning question on water quality. In this study, we analyzed water quality especially for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae members from four districts of the state. Isolation with selective culture media techniques and taxonomic characterization of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria with 16S rRNA gene showed the prevalence of Escherichia coli (37.50%), Escherichia fergusonii (29.41%), Klebsiella oxytoca (36.93%), Citrobacter freundii (37.92%), Citrobacter amalonaticus (43.82%), Enterobacter sp. (43.82%), Morganella morganii (43.82%), Hafnia alvei (32.42%), Hafnia paralvei (38.74%), and Shigella flexneri (30.47%) in the spring water of Sikkim. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) showed resistance of the isolates to common antibiotics like ampicillin, amoxicillin as well as to third generation antibiotics like ceftazidime and carbapenem. None of the isolates showed resistance to chloramphenicol. E. coli isolated from spring water of Sikkim showed presence of different virulence genes such as stx1 (81.81%), elt (86.66%), and eae (66.66%) along with resistance gene for ampicillin (CITM) (80%), quinolones (qnrB) (44.44%), tetracycline (tetO) (66.66%), and streptomycin (aadA1) (66.66%). The data indicates a high incidence rate of multiple antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria in the spring water of Sikkim. Additionally, the presence of enteric bacteria in the water samples indicates widespread fecal contamination of the spring water

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Not AvailableDalle Khorsani (Capsicum annum var. cerasiforme) is one of the valuable cash crops of Sikkim. The crop is grown all over Sikkim since it is valued for its diverse commercial uses. The crop belongs to the family Solanaceae and genus Capsicum. Dalle khorsani of Sikkim is a pungent chilli but has more medicinal properties and it is used for making pickle, paste, powder and dry chilli (for pickling, chilli can be picked either at green or ripe stage). Dalle chilli contains capsaicin which produces different pungency levels as well as carotenoids and phenolic compounds and is being used as natural pigment and antioxidantagents. However, the Scoville scale indicates that its pungency is very high and rated in the range of 100,000 to 350 000 SHU (Scoville Heat units) quite similar to the SHU of Habanero chilieS.National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agricultur

Electrospun Hybrid Perovskite Fibers-Flexible Networks of One-Dimensional Semiconductors for Light-Harvesting Applications

Thin-film organic inorganic hybrid perovskite (MeNH3PbI3) solar cells have displayed remarkably high photoconversion efficiencies, making their net-shaping as flexible device elements desirable for a number of applications. Simulations show greatly enhanced light absorption in perovskite fibers in comparison to their thin-film counterparts, which demand the processing of hybrid perovskites in the one-dimensional morphology. We report here on the single-step fabrication of MeNH3PbI3 nanofibers on a customized electrospinning process performed under inert conditions. Our results demonstrate reproducible synthesis of electrospun fiber mats in which the fiber dimensions were tailored by adjusting the polymer (PVP) content. Photoluminescence studies on the perovskite fibers revealed a blue shift of the emission peak possibly due to strain or charge confinement effects. The hybrid perovskite nanofibers offer promising applications in flexible and stretchable opto electronics