A Revision of the Genus Elmas Blackwelder, 1952 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Xanthopygina), with a Preliminary Reconstructed Phylogeny of the Species1

The staphylinid genus Elmas Blackwelder 1952 (type.species: Selma modesta Sharp 1876 from Chontales, Nicaragua) is revised for the first time. The two previously described species, E. modesta (Sharp) from Nicaragua and E. strigella (Bernhauer) from Brazil, are redescribed. Fifteen species are described as new: Elmas brooksi from Ecuador; Elmas costaricensis from Costa Rica; Elmas elassos from Ecuador; Elmas esmeraldas from Ecuador; Elmas falini from Suriname; Elmas gigas from Peru; Elmas guianas from-French Guiana; Elmas hanleyi from Costa Rica; Elmas hibbsi from Ecuador; Elmas lambas from Brazil; Elmas lescheni from Peru; Elmas panamaensis from Panama; Elmas patillas from Costa Rica; Elmas spinosus from Bolivia; and Elmas windsori from Panama. A key and illustrations of structural features and aedeagi are provided for identification of the known species. The phylogenetic relationships of the species of Elmas species are only weakly resolved by the available dataset. Elmas is strongly supported to be a monophyletic lineage, and E. strigella is the most basal species followed by E. lambos and E. guianas respectively. E. spinosus + E. falini + E. gigas are strongly supported to be a monophyletic . group; E. hfbbsi is weakly supported to be the sister group to these three species. The lineage (E. windsori · + E. costaricensis) + (E. panamaensis + E. patillas) is weakly supported in all trees. The lineage E. elassos + E. hanleyi + E. esmeraldas is also weakly supported, and the successive approximation analysis hypothesizes that E. modesta is also a member of this lineage

The probable larva of an undescribed species of Edrabius (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and its implications for the systematics of the tribe Amblyopinini.

Larval staphylinids collected from the nest of the Chilean tuco-tuco, Ctenomys maulinus brunneus, are presumed to be those of an undescribed species of Edrabius, adults of which are known to occur on this host. These larvae are described and illustrations are provided for their identification. The larvae are characteristic of the subfamily Staphylininae; however, they do not have a combination of characteristics which allows unambiguous placement into one of the described tribes of this subfamily. Edrabius larvae share the greatest number of characteristics with larvae of the tribe Staphylinini, and, among these, with members of the subtribe Xanthopygina. Importantly, they differ from larvae of the tribe Quediini, to which the amblyopinines were believed to be related, in a number of significant ways. However, Edrabius may not be a part of a monophyletic lineage with the remainder of the South American amblyopinines

Chilamblyopinus piceus, a new genus and species of amblyopinine (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from southern Chile, with a discussion of amblyopinine generic relationships

Taxonomic history of staphylinid beetles of the tribe Amblyopinini is discussed. Chilamblyopinus piceus, a distinctive new genus and species, is described and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided. A key to currently recognized genera in the Amblyopinini is provided. A preliminary reevaluation of relationships among genera currently included in the Amblyopinini suggests that substantial changes in the classification may be required. Myotyphlus, which occurs in the Australian region, shares derived characters both with some members of the genus Quedius, which occur in the Australian region and with the amblyopinine genus Edrabius, which occurs in the Neotropics, as do all other amblyopinines. The monophyly of the lineage which includes these two genera is uncertain. Few characters other than structural reductions and association with mammalian hosts suggest that Myotyphlus and Edrabius are a part of a monophyletic lineage with other South American amblyopinines. In contrast, Amblyopinodes, Amblyopinus, Chilamblyopinus, and Megamblyopinus form a well supported monophyletic lineage of strictly South and Central American taxa. Chilamblyopinus appears to be the most basally derived. Megamblyopinus is a sister group to Amblyopinodes and Amblyopinus. Amblyopinodes is highly autapomorphic; however, Amblyopinus cannot be shown to be monophyletic, and may be a paraphyletic taxon in relation to Amblyopinodes. Additional characters and a more firmly established outgroup for the Amblyopinini as a whole are required for resolution of these problems

Society of Behavioral Medicine Call to Action: Include obesity/overweight management education in health professional curricula and provide coverage for behavior-based treatments of obesity/overweight most commonly provided by psychologists, dieticians, counselors, and other health care professionals and include such providers on all multidisciplinary teams treating patients who have overweight or obesity

Obesity is a serious chronic disease whose prevalence has grown to epidemic proportions over the past five decades and is a major contributor to the global burden of most common cancers, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, liver disease, and sleep apnea. Primary care clinicians, including physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants, are often the first health care professionals to identify obesity or overweight during routine long-term care and have the opportunity to intervene to prevent and treat disease. However, they often lack the training and skills needed to deliver scientifically validated, behavior-based treatments. These gaps must be addressed in order to treat the obesity epidemic. The Society of Behavioral Medicine strongly urges health professional educators and accrediting agencies to include obesity and overweight management education for primary care clinicians. Additionally, we support promoting referrals and reimbursement for psychologists, dieticians, and other health care professionals as critical members of the care team and improving reimbursement levels for behavioral obesity and overweight management treatment

Pyrolysis of 1-arsabicyclo[2.2.2]triene derivatives

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23078/1/0000653.pd

A Neuroeconomics Approach to Inferring Utility Functions in Sensorimotor Control

Making choices is a fundamental aspect of human life. For over a century experimental economists have characterized the decisions people make based on the concept of a utility function. This function increases with increasing desirability of the outcome, and people are assumed to make decisions so as to maximize utility. When utility depends on several variables, indifference curves arise that represent outcomes with identical utility that are therefore equally desirable. Whereas in economics utility is studied in terms of goods and services, the sensorimotor system may also have utility functions defining the desirability of various outcomes. Here, we investigate the indifference curves when subjects experience forces of varying magnitude and duration. Using a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, in which subjects chose between different magnitude–duration profiles, we inferred the indifference curves and the utility function. Such a utility function defines, for example, whether subjects prefer to lift a 4-kg weight for 30 s or a 1-kg weight for a minute. The measured utility function depends nonlinearly on the force magnitude and duration and was remarkably conserved across subjects. This suggests that the utility function, a central concept in economics, may be applicable to the study of sensorimotor control

Altered resting state neuromotor connectivity in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A MAPP: Research Network Neuroimaging Study.

Brain network activity associated with altered motor control in individuals with chronic pain is not well understood. Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a debilitating condition in which previous studies have revealed altered resting pelvic floor muscle activity in men with CP/CPPS compared to healthy controls. We hypothesized that the brain networks controlling pelvic floor muscles would also show altered resting state function in men with CP/CPPS. Here we describe the results of the first test of this hypothesis focusing on the motor cortical regions, termed pelvic-motor, that can directly activate pelvic floor muscles. A group of men with CP/CPPS (N = 28), as well as group of age-matched healthy male controls (N = 27), had resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network study. Brain maps of the functional connectivity of pelvic-motor were compared between groups. A significant group difference was observed in the functional connectivity between pelvic-motor and the right posterior insula. The effect size of this group difference was among the largest effect sizes in functional connectivity between all pairs of 165 anatomically-defined subregions of the brain. Interestingly, many of the atlas region pairs with large effect sizes also involved other subregions of the insular cortices. We conclude that functional connectivity between motor cortex and the posterior insula may be among the most important markers of altered brain function in men with CP/CPPS, and may represent changes in the integration of viscerosensory and motor processing