Prospek Pembiayaan Syariah untuk Sektor Pertanian

EnglishOne of the main problems in agricultural development is the weakness of capital support. The government have tried to overcome this problem by launching some credit programs for the agricultural sector. Many credit programs, those use fixed interest base, showed less satisfied result. In any cases even generate new problems such as the the greater farmer's debt and also nonperformance credit. Based on that phenomena it is required the alternative financing schemes. Sharia scheme, can be choosen as the alternative financing model for supporting agricultural development. Different to the conventional credit, the sharia scheme is free of interest, profit loss sharing equity principle, and profit sharing will be executed in the end of transaction. This paper aim at introducing the sharia financing model and its prospect to be implemented in agricultural sectors. The result of study indicate that sharia scheme is prospective to strengthen the capital of agricultural sector. To support implementation of sharia finance in agricultural sector, the crucial factors are political will of policy maker and also intensive socialization related to sharia principle finance to public authority and society. IndonesianSalah satu permasalahan utama dalam pembangunan di sektor pertanian adalah lemahnya permodalan. Pemerintah telah berusaha mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dengan meluncurkan beberapa kredit program untuk sektor pertanian. Kredit program yang memakai sistem bunga menunjukkan hasil yang kurang memuaskan, bahkan menimbulkan permasalahan baru seperti membengkaknya hutang petani serta kredit macet. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu dicari model pembiayaan alternatif, salah satu di antaranya adalah dengan skim syariah. Berbeda dengan model kredit, pembiayaan syariah ini bebas bunga, pembagian keuntungan didasarkan atas bagi hasil yang dilakukan setelah periode transaksi berakhir. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menge-nalkan model pembiayaan syariah serta prospek implementasinya di sektor pertanian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan syariah cukup prospektif untuk memperkuat permodalan di sektor pertanian. Untuk mendu-kung implementasinya di sektor pertanian diperlukan keberpihakan para pembuat kebijakan serta sosialisasi yang intensif mengenai prinsip-prinsip pembiayaan syariah

Peran Perbankan Nasional dalam Pembiayaan Sektor Pertanian di Indonesia

EnglishAgricultural sector has a very strategic role in the national development. Nevertheless, the agricultural sector still deals with some problems, e.g. lack of capital for farmers and agricultural business. National banks, theoretically, have a significant potential for agricultural financing because of their core business as the financial intermediary institution. However, the facts show that national banking credit to the agricultural sector is still limited, that is less than 6 percent. This paper aims to review potential, role and the constraint of national banks in financing the agricultural sector. The study shows that the lack of financing in the agricultural sector by national banks caused by high risk in the agricultural sector, complicated term in credit proposal, poor management of agricultural businesses due to its micro-small scale, and limited competence of bank in the field of agricultural finance. The government tries to increase agricultural finance through increasing budget allocation to this sector, improving effectiveness of state budget funds, or formulating an alternative financing scheme in accordance with the characteristics of agriculture. IndonesianSektor pertanian memainkan peran sangat strategis dalam pembangunan nasional. Walaupun demikian, sektor pertanian masih dihadapkan pada beberapa permasalahan, diantaranya kurangnya permodalan petani dan pelaku USAha pertanian. Perbankan nasional, secara teori memiliki potensi besar sebagai pendukung pembiayaan pertanian karena secara legal formal merupakan lembaga intermediasi keuangan. Namun, fakta menunjukkan penyaluran kredit perbankan nasional ke sektor pertanian masih sangat kecil yaitu di bawah 6 persen. Tulisan ini bertujuan melakukan review terhadap potensi dan peran serta berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi perbankan nasional dalam pembiayaan di sektor pertanian. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa minimnya pembiayaan di sektor pertanian oleh perbankan disebabkan beberapa hal, diantaranya: risiko pembiayaan yang tinggi, persyaratan yang ketat dalam pengajuan kredit, kelemahan manajemen USAha pertanian yang umumnya berskala mikro-kecil, serta keterbatasan kompetensi perbankan di bidang pertanian. Pemerintah telah berupaya untuk meningkatkan pembiayaan ke sektor pertanian, diantaranya dengan memperbesar alokasi anggaran ke sektor pertanian, peningkatan efektivitas dana APBN, mendorong perbankan lebih ekpansif dalam pembiayaan pertanian, maupun merumuskan skim pembiayaan alternatif yang sesuai dengan karakteristik pertanian

Pengembangan Padi Hibrida: Pengalaman dari Asia dan Prospek Bagi Indonesia

EnglishFood security always occupies top government\u27s priority in national development due to its huge impact in terms of social, economy, and politics of the country. Regarding the strategic role of food, the policy on increasing food production and farmers\u27 welfare constitute a crucial program, particularly in the Ministry of Agriculture. With the increased demand for food (rice) steadily as well as the rice production levelling off, the government seeks a technological breakthrough, such as hybrid rice introduction. This rice variety is expected to boost production significantly, although its role is still debatable. This paper aims to look at the potential and challenges of hybrid rice development in Indonesia as well as to describe the development in some countries as a comparative study. The result shows both theoretically and factually in some countries, the hybrid rice has a higher potential yield than non-hybrid rice as long as it meets the agronomic requirements. Nevertheless, the development of hybrids (mainly outside of China) still encounters a set of problems, i.e. unstable production, susceptibility to pests and diseases, expensive seed prices, low quality grain, and less-favored rice flavor. Specifically for Indonesia where the hybrid rice is still newly introduced, the hybrid rice development will require a well-planned, gradual, and socialization process. Mass program approaches in hybrid rice which is merely to capture the target oriented, tend to create an ineffectiveness both of output achievement and budget. Agro-ecosystem aspect and the characteristics of farmers in terms of social, economic and cultural sides become a key factor to accomplish the successful hybrid rice development in the future. IndonesianKetahanan pangan selalu menjadi prioritas utama pemerintah dalam pembangunan nasional karena memiliki implikasi yang luas terhadap kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik nasional. Dengan peran yang strategis tersebut kebijakan untuk meningkatkan produksi pangan dan kesejahteraan petani selalu menjadi agenda penting, terutama di Kementerian Pertanian. Dengan terus meningkatnya permintaan akan pangan (beras) serta kecenderungan terjadinya pelandaian produksi maka pemerintah berupaya melakukan sejumlah terobosan di antaranya dengan memperkenalkan padi hibrida. Varietas ini diharapkan mampu mendongkrak produksi beras secara nyata walaupun peran tersebut masih menimbulkan perdebatan. Paper ini bertujuan melihat potensi dan tantangan pengembangan padi hibrida di Indonesia sekaligus memaparkan kondisi pengembangan di beberapa negara sebagai studi perbandingan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa secara teori dan faktual di beberapa negara lain padi hibrida memiliki potensi hasil lebih tinggi dari inbrida asalkan memenuhi persyaratan agronomis. Namun demikian, pengembangan hibrida di luar negara Cina secara umum masih menghadapi sejumlah kendala di antaranya ketidakstabilitan produksi, kerentanan terhadap hama penyakit, harga benih yang mahal, kualitas gabah yang rendah, dan rasa nasi yang belum sesuai dengan keinginan konsumen. Dalam konteks Indonesia, di mana padi hibrida masih menjadi komoditas yang relatif baru (inovasi), maka dalam pengembangan memerlukan tahapan-tahapan yang terencana dan proses sosialisasi yang matang. Massalisasi padi hibrida melalui program dan hanya berorientasi pada target realisasi menyebabkan ketidakefektifan baik dari sisi capaian output maupun anggaran. Kondisi agroekosistem serta karakteristik petani baik aspek sosial, ekonomi dan budaya menjadi faktor kunci bagi keberhasilan pengembangan padi hibrida ke depan

Factors Determining Organic Farming Adoption: International Research Results and Lessons Learned for Indonesia

Indonesia is potential to develop organic farming as it has suitable land and supporting technology. Demand for organic product is supposed to increase in the future due to people's awareness about safety and healthy food. It implies that organic farming has a good prospect to develop as agriculture-base business. However, it seems that farmers' response to adopt organic farming technology is very low indicated by low rate of adoption. Actually, many countries have experiences in term of organic farming. This paper aims to assess determinant factors of organic farming adoption based on International research experiences and to withdraw lessons learned to raise adoption rate in Indonesia. The results showed that the determinant factors of organic farming adoption consisted of various aspects, i.e. (1) information and knowledge availability, (2) economic and financial motives, (3) technical and management skills, (4) social consideration, (5) environmental concern, (6) institutional environment, and (7) farmers' socio-economic and demographic background. Accordingly, those aspects should be taken into account in policy formulation to encourage organic farming adoption. Indeed, government's role is very crucial, mainly to convince farmers about organic farming benefit and to provide information as well as technical assistance

Potensi dan Prospek Pemanfaatan Lahan Pekarangan untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan

EnglishFood security remains as a fundamental problem in most countries along with population increase, purchasing power improvement, and climate change. To support national food security, it is necessary to implement it at the households' level such as farming on backyard land (pekarangan) areas. This paper aims to review the potencies, policies and programs, as well as constraints related with use of backyard land in supporting food security at households' level. Backyard land is potential for farming in order to supply family food needs, especially vegetables, to reduce household food expenditure, and to increase the household income. Some constrains are found in backyard farming, such as less intensive cultivation, not a core business, lack of specific technology, and less field workers' of assistance. Support from various stakeholders is necessary in order to improve backyard farming. IndonesianKetahanan pangan akan tetap menjadi permasalahan pokok di sebagian besar negara di dunia seiring dengan semakin besar jumlah penduduk, peningkatan daya beli dan dinamika iklim global. Upaya membangun ketahanan pangan keluarga, salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan sumberdaya yang tersedia, diantaranya melalui pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengulas potensi, kebijakan dan program, serta kendala pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan, terutama di tingkat rumah tangga. Lahan pekarangan memiliki potensi dalam penyediaan bahan pangan keluarga, mengurangi pengeluaran rumah tangga untuk pembelian pangan dan meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga petani. Sejumlah kendala terkait masalah sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi masih dijumpai dalam program pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan, diantaranya belum membudayanya budidaya pekarangan secara intensif, masih bersifat sambilan dan belum berorientasi pasar, kurang tersedianya teknologi budidaya spesifik pekarangan, serta proses pendampingan dari petugas yang belum memadai. Oleh karena itu diperlukan perencanaan yang matang dan dukungan lintas sektoral dalam pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan sehingga mampu lebih optimal dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan