12 research outputs found
Global Guidelines in Dermatology Mapping Project (GUIDEMAP): a scoping review of dermatology clinical practice guidelines
From Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-04-28, pub-electronic 2021-07-05Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedSummary: Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) play a critical role in standardizing and improving treatment outcomes based on the available evidence. It is unclear how many CPGs are available globally to assist clinicians in the management of patients with skin disease. Objectives: To search for and identify CPGs for dermatological conditions with the highest burden globally. Methods: We adapted a list of 12 dermatological conditions with the highest burden from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. A systematic literature search was done to identify CPGs published between October 2014 to October 2019. The scoping review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Results: A total of 226 CPGs were included. Melanoma had the greatest representation in the CPGs, followed by dermatitis and psoriasis. Skin cancers had a relatively high CPG representation but with lower GBD disease burden ranking. There was an uneven distribution by geographical region, with resource‐poor settings being under‐represented. The skin disease categories of the CPGs correlated weakly with the GBD disability‐adjusted life‐years metrics. Eighty‐nine CPGs did not have funding disclosures and 34 CPGs were behind a paywall. Conclusions: The global production of dermatology CPGs showed wide variation in geographical representation, article accessibility and reporting of funding. The number of skin disease CPGs were not commensurate with its disease burden. Future work will critically appraise the methodology and quality of dermatology CPGs and lead to the production of an accessible online resource summarizing these findings
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A 2-dimensional computerized biomechanical model
The main objective of this study is to present a user-friendly computerized biomechanical static model which can be used to estimate the forces and the moments at the major joints of the human body. The model estimates the compression and the shearing forces at the L5/S1 using three different approaches. Both symmetric and asymmetric postures can be analyzed. The symmetric model consists of seven links that represent the hands, lower arms, upper arms, trunk, upper legs, lower legs, and the head. In the asymmetric model, two more links were incorporated to represent the left and the right legs. The user has the choice to run the analysis for a given individual or for a percentile of the population. The program can be used for industrial applications and work place design. It can be also utilized in comparing different methods of performing a specific task
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Solar–hydrogen energy system for Egypt
A model for a solar–hydrogen energy system for Egypt has been developed by obtaining relationships for and between the main energy and energy related parameters. The magnitude and trends of the parameters, with and without hydrogen introduction, have been investigated over a period of time. The results indicate that the fossil fuel resources in Egypt could be exhausted within one to two decades. They also indicate that adopting the solar–hydrogen energy system would extend the availability of fossil fuel resources, reduce pollution, and establish a permanent energy system for Egypt. They show that Egypt could become an exporter of hydrogen. © 1999 International Association for Hydrogen Energy
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An on-line microcomputer-based cardiac monitoring system
Heart rate is a very sensitive measure for evaluating the physiological strain in industrial muscular work. A review of the literature showed that most researchers resorted to the manual counting of heart beats. Some use analog devices such as cardiotachometers and very few use digital systems which are often expensive. Moreover, the existing cardiac monitors were developed for patient monitoring and for monitoring physical activities that do not require severe contractions of the chest muscles. They are not suitable for monitoring heavy activities because of signal interference. The main objective of the present study is to develop and test an on-line microcomputer-based cardiac monitoring system that is capable of accurately and rapidly computing the heart rate of individuals engaged in manual industrial tasks. The design, specifications and merits of the system are given. The software package developed is written in macroassembly language for the IBM AT personal computer. The experimental evaluation of the microcomputer-based cardiac monitoring system shows a high degree of correlation between computer and manual calculations (
r = 0.977
). The experimental evaluation indicates that the system developed is highly accurate
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A knowledge-based system for the design of manual materials handling
The purpose of this paper is to develop and test an expert system for the design of new and existing repetitive manual materials handling (RMMH) tasks. For new jobs, the expert system provides recommendations on the maximum acceptable weight to be handled under a variety of worker and task variables. For existing jobs, the expert system provides possible solutions to the design of RMMH tasks if the weight handled on the job is greater than the recommended one. The expert system was implemented on an IBM PCXT personal computer. Two examples on how to utilise the expert system in designing new and existing jobs are given
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Physiological and psychophysical responses to static, dynamic and combined arm tasks
The main objective of the present study was to determine the effects of arm tasks possessing varying degrees of static and dynamic components upon the physiological and psychophysical strain imposed on the human body. Heart rate and blood pressure were used as indices of cardiovascular strain, while ratings of perceived exertion and endurance time are used as indices of psychophysical strain. For each weight of load studied, static tasks recorded the highest systolic blood pressure, dyastolic pressure, and ratings of perceived exertion values followed by combined, then highly dynamic, tasks. The highly dynamic task recorded the highest endurance time followed by combined then purely static tasks. This study supports the idea that blood pressure should be incorporated as one of the monitored strain factors in setting criteria for manual materials-handling tasks. In addition, the ratings of perceived exertion can be used as an effective tool in assessing the static component of the task. Based on the results obtained from the experimental conditions studied, the weight of the load has been shown to be an important parameter in the design of arm tasks comprising varying degrees of static and dynamic components. On the other hand, the frequency of handling is not an important parameter in the design of these types of tasks
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An on-line microcomputer-based metabolic monitoring system
The main objective of the present study is to develop and test a relatively low cost microcomputer-based metabolic monitoring system that is capable of computing the oxygen consumption and minute ventilation of individuals, while at rest or at work, on an on-line basis. The design, specifications, and merits of the system are given. The software package developed was written in assembly language for the IBM AT personal computer. The experimental evaluation of the microcomputer-based metabolic monitoring system showed that there is a high degree of correlation between computer and manual calculations. The correlation coefficients between manual and computer calculations were 0.9986 and 0.9966 for minute ventilation and oxygen consumption respectively which indicate that the system developed is highly accurate
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A comparative study of two shovel designs
In the present study a modified shovel design with two perpendicular shafts is presented. This modified, two-shaft shovel was compared with a regular shovel. The modified shovel was evaluated and tested in a controlled laboratory environment using surface electromyography recorded from the lumbar paraspinal muscles. The new shovel design was also tested in a field study using ratings of perceived exertion. The results indicate that there was a significant reduction in EMG values of the lumbar paraspinal muscles and a consistent reduction in perceived exertion ratings while the modified shovel was being used for removing dirt in digging trenches up to 90 cm in depth
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Psychophysical models for manual lifting tasks
This paper provides two models for males and females to assess the psychophysical maximum acceptable weight of lift. The weight guidelines generated by the models are a function of lifting frequency, height of lift, sagittal or asymmetrical lifting, task duration, container size in the sagittal plane, presence or absence of container couplings, and percentage of the working population. The developed models were generated from a knowledge base available in the published literature. A computer program was written in BASIC to assist the user in determining the safe load that could be handled by a specified working population. Model validation showed that the models developed predict the maximum acceptable weight of lift with a reasonable degree of accuracy. A comparison between the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommendations and those made on the basis of the models developed in this paper is also presented
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Physiological stresses associated with television camera operators' tasks
This study was undertaken to evaluate the physiological stresses experienced by news media cameramen on their jobs. The tasks performed by the cameramen were simulated, based on the results of monitoring the field performance of these camera operators for a two-week period. Four male professional camera operators volunteered to participate in this study. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were selected to measure the physiological stresses associated with the camera operator's jobs. The results clearly show that jobs performed by the news media camera operators working for small television stations include very demanding physical tasks. The camera operator's job could be classified, based on physiological costs, as heavy work. A detailed discussion of the results and their implications in the process of camera operator's job redesign is given