An Assessment Of Osteoporosis Condition And Knowledge Among Warfarin Users At A Hospital In The Northern Region Of Peninsular Malaysia

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that has a complex relation with patients using warfarin. In order to provide optimal management of osteoporosis, there is a need to advice patients about the usage of warfarin. A clinical part involved casecontrol study of a convenient sample of 270 subjects (controls and patients) recruited to assess the bone health status by measuring the bone mineral density (BMD) using quantitative ultrasound scan (QUS) as well as to evaluate their osteoporosis knowledge (OKT). The result of QUS showed that the prevalence of normal BMD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis were 23.3%, 53.7%, 23% respectively

The Relation between Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Body Mass Index

إن مرض تصلب الشرايين أصبح مشكلة كبيرة في كافة أنحاء العالم، وله علاقة بزيادة المرضية والفناء.إن الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد مدى العلاقة بين مؤشر كتلة الجسم بين المدخنين وانخفاض HDLوارتفاعLDL لمرضى الشرايين التاجية. العدد الكلي لمجموعة الدراسة( 158 )مشارك .منهم(78) مريض مصاب بانسداد الشرايين التاجية, مقسمين إلى مجاميع حسب عدد الشرايين المغلقة (1,2,3 أمراض الشرايين ) . كل مجموعه ثابتة تتكون من 26 مريض ,13 رجال و13 نساء و  (78) أصحاء كمجموعة سيطرة تتكون من  ( 39   رجال و 39 نساء ) .الصفات السريرة ,الشدة ونتائج فحص أشعة اكس لأمراض الشرايين التاجية التي تم تحديدها .سريريا تم عمل استبيان لجمع بيانات المشاركين والتي تتضمن : الاسم ,العمر ,الجنس ,تاريخ مرض القلب الاقفاري, التدخين المفرط ,تاريخ المريض الطبي(مرض السكري وارتفاع ضغط الدم).هنالك ترابط ما بين أمراض الشرايين التاجية و ارتفاع مؤشر كتلة الجسم, هنالك علاقة قويه ما بين المدخنين وانخفاض  HDLوارتفاع LDL لمرضى الشرايين التاجية.Atherosclerosis remains one of the major causes of death and premature disability in developed countries. It is a chronic inflammatory disease which may cause obstructions of the coronary, cerebral and peripheral arteries. The goal of this study to establish association age, body mass index and smoking with  severity of coronary artery disease. Seventy eight patients (39 males & 39 females) were studied. Seventy eight healthy volunteers match  in age and sex were enrolled and accepted as a control group, their age range between (45-75 years). All patients were admitted to our hospital for elective coronary angiography with  negative  medical history (hypertension and diabetics mellitus)

Laser Ablation in Different Environments and Generation of Nanoparticles

In the last two decades, pulsed-laser ablation has received attention from researchers in micro- and nanotechnology. During the development of laser ablation in materials processing, several media, such as vacuum, air, gases and liquids, have been used to improve the quality and quantity of laser machining and production of nanoparticles. The laser-ablation environment is important in order to control the average size and chemical compositions of nanoparticles. Conducting the laser-ablation process in liquid environments has become of increasing relevance for the production of precise and pure micromachining and nanomaterials. In addition, deionised water has been found to be the optimal environment to produce nanoparticles for bioapplications

The Effect of Adding Graphite on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Carbide

السيراميك المتقدم يمتلك تطبيقات عديدة مثل الفضاء، الحراريات ، الطبية ، الالكترونية .......الخ. في العمل الحالي  تحضير كاربيد التيتانيوم باستعمال ميتالورجيا المساحيق من التيتانيوم و الكرافيت عند  درجة حرارة (1200 م°) و فترة مكوث (8) ساعة حيث تم تحضير كاربيد التيتانيوم باستعمال نسب وزنية مختلفة وهي ((14:86) ، (17:83) ، (20:80)  و (23:77)) للتيتانيوم والكرافيت على التوالي. دُرست الخواص الميكانيكية (الصلادة المايكروية ،مقاومة الانضغاط و مقاومة البلى)  و الخواص التركيبية (المجهر الالكتروني الماسح و حيود الاشعة السينية) لعينات كاربيد التيتانيوم . اوضحت النتائج ان افضل خواص الميكانيكية لعينات كاربيد التيتانيوم  عند النسبة الوزنية  (20:80) للتيتانيوم والكرافيت على التوالي.The advances ceramics have many applications such as aerospace, refectory, medical, electronic,…etc. In this work, the preparation of  titanium carbide by  using powder metallurgy technique  from titanium and graphite  has been investigated with different weight percentages are  ((86:14),(83:17),(80:20) and (77:23)) wt.%  titanium and graphite respectively. Titanium carbide was formed at (1200°C) for (8hr). The mechanical properties (microhardness,  compression strength and wear rate) and characterization (SEM and XRD)  of titanium carbide samples were studied. The  results  found that the best  mechanical properties for titanium carbide samples prepared at (80:20) wt.%  titanium and graphite respectively

Synthesis of Novel (Polymer Blend-Titanium Carbide) Nanocomposites and Studying their Characterizations for Piezoelectric Applications

ان المواد المتراكبة الكهروضغطية مهمة جدا" لتطبيقات عديدة منها: متحسسات الضغط. لذلك تم تصنيع المتراكبات النانوية (بولي فينيل الكحول- بولي فينيل بيروليدون- كاربيد التيتانيوم) ودراسة خواصها التركيبة، الكهربائية، العزلية والبصرية. درس تاثير اضافة جسيمات TiC النانوية على الخواص التركيبية، الكهربائية، العزلية والبصرية للخليط البوليمري. بينت النتائج ان التوصيلية الكهربائية للمتراكبات النانوية (PVA-PVP-TiC) تزداد مع زيادة تركيز جسيمات TiC النانوية عند درجة حرارة الغرفة. اختبار FTIR اوضح عدم وجود تفاعلات بين الخليط البوليمري (PVA-PVP) و جسيمات TiC النانوية. بينت الدراسات العزلية ان ثابت العزل والفقدان العزلي للمتراكبات النانوية يزدادان مع زيادة تراكيز جسيمات TiC النانوية ويقلان مع زيادة التردد. وان التوصيلية الكهربائية المتناوبة تزداد مع زيادة تراكيز جسيمات TiC النانوية والتردد.اوضحت  نتائج الخواص البصرية ان الامتصاصية البصرية  للخليط البوليمري (PVA-PVP) تزداد مع زيادة تركيز جسيمات TiC النانوية. وان الثوابت البصرية تغيرت مع زيادة تركيز جسيمات TiC النانوية. بينت نتائج تطبيق الكهروضطية للمتراكبات النانوية (PVA-PVP-TiC) ان المقاومة الكهربائية للمتراكبات النانوية   (PVA-PVP-TiC) تقل مع زيادة الضغط مما يجعلها مناسبة لتطبيقات الكهروضغطية او متحسسات الضغط.  Piezoelectric nanocomposites are very important for many applications as a pressure sensors. Fabrication of (polyvinyl alcohol - polyvinyl pyrrolidinone -titanium carbide) nanocompos- ites and study their structural, electrical, dielectric and optical properties have been in- vestigated. The effect of adding the TiC nanoparticles on structural, electrical, dielectric and optical properties of polymeric blend has been studied. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of (PVA-PVP-TiC) nanocomposites is increasing with the increase of TiC nanoparticles concentrations at room temperature. The FTIR analysis showed there is no interactions between (PVA- PVP) polymer blend and TiC nanoparticles. The dielectric studies showed the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of nanocomposites increase with the increase of TiC nanoparticles concentrations and they decrease as frequency increased. The A.C electrical conductivity increases with the increase of TiC nanoparticles concentra- tions and frequency. The results of optical properties showed that the optical absorbance of (PVA- PVP) polymer blend increases with the increase of TiC nanoparticles concentrations. The optical constants change with increase in TiC nanoparticles concentrations. The piezo- electric application results of (PVA-PVP-TiC) nanocomposites showed that the electrical resistance of (PVA-PVP-TiC) nanocomposites decreases with an increase of the pressure which make it is suitable for piezoelectric applications or pressure sensors

Optical and Structural Properties of Cdo Thin Film

Cadmium oxide thin film has been synthesized using spray pyrolysis method. The structural and optical properties of the film were study by usingX-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force microscope (AFM), and UV- VIS spectroscopy. Result show that the film has spherical shape grain with size (460nm) and band gap (2.49eV). Moreover, the RMS equal to 58.7 nm

Preparation of single wall carbon nanotube-pyrene 3D hybrid nanomaterial and its sensor response to ammonia

In this work, the structural features and sensor response toward ammonia of a three dimensional (3D) SWCNTs material covalently functionalised with 1,6-diethynylpyrene were studied. The target SWCNTs hybrid material was prepared by the reaction of azido substituted SWCNTs with the 1,6-diethynylpyrene containing double terminal alkyne groups via the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (Click) reaction. The structure of the 1,6-diethynylpyrene compound was determined by different spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MALDI-TOF mass, fluorescence and UV–Visible, while its SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid material was characterized by FT-IR, Raman, UV-Visible spectroscopies and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology of the hybrid films was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sensing performance of the SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid material was studied against low-concentrations of NH3 in the range of 0.1-40 ppm by measuring changes in the films' conductivity at different levels of relative humidity. The reversible electrical sensor response toward ammonia was observed both in the case of SWCNT and SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid films however the response values of SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid film were higher than those of SWCNT

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Study its Effect on the Skin using IR Thermography

The aim of the research is the infrared imaging technique IR Imaging was used to detect temperature changes and their effects on the skin.In this study, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by Green's synthesis method. This method is considered the safest, easiest, and cheapest way to manufacture nanomaterials. The optical and structural properties of ZnO NPs have been studied by various techniques such as UV visible, X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy. ZnO NPs had a UV- visible absorption peak at around 300 nm. ZnO's average crystallite diameter was calculated to be 15.41 nm using Scherrer's equation, which was derived from the width at half maximum of the peak more intense on the 101 planes at 36.28°. The Field emission scanning electron microscopy data showed that the synthesized ZnO NPs have a consistent shape and size throughout their range, these NPs are characterized by their diameter and were assembled into cylindrical clusters of varying diameters, with an average size of 106. Different magnifications of the ZnO NPs examined by Transmission electron microscopy showed that the majority of the particles were homogeneously scattered. Infrared thermal imaging technique (IRT) is used to clarify the change in temperature with the effect of the substance on the skin. The material was placed on the skin in two ways and put on the rabbit's front and back feet. When mixing the powder material of ZnO NPs with distilled water, and mixing the powder material of ZnO NPs with commercial Vaseline, we notice in both cases a temperature rise. The radiance was calculated for each image related to the change of temperature in the band (3-5) µm. The highest value in the range (3-5) µm for image R2 with radiation was (0.9209). The total spectral radioactive emission is proportional to the area under the curves and shifts towards shorter wavelengths with increasing temperature

Incidence and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infection Among Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section

Background: Wound infections constitute a significant problem in surgical procedures. In cesarean sections (CS), this is particularly important as a wound infection not only results in increased morbidity but also has far-reaching implications by way of pelvic organ disease, disturbance of the bonding process between mother and baby in the puerperium, and a longer hospital stay with its inherent problems. Objective: This study was conducted with the aim to determine the incidence and risk factor associated with surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean section. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted for 400 women undergoing cesarean section procedures during an 18-month period from January 2013 to June 2014 at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Patients’ socio-demographic, clinical data and incidence of SSI following the CS were noted using a standardized data collection form. SPSS v 21 was used for data analysis. Resu lts : In total, 18.8% of the study participants developed SSI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following: higher body mass index (≥30 kg/m2) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.555; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.313-0.985, P = .044), increase in the blood loss during surgery (≥500 mL) (OR: 0.757; 95% CI = 0.423-1.354, P = .034), prolonged hospital stay (≥4 days) (OR: 0.439; 95% CI = 0.260-0.740, P = .002), spinal anesthesia (OR: 1.543; 95% CI = 1.230-1.937, P = .021), breech baby presentation (OR:2.927 95% CI = 1.020-8.400, P = .046), and intrathecal analgesia (OR:1.567; 95% CI = 1.246-1.970, P = .001) had statistically significant association with incidence of SSI. Conclusions: Surgical site infections are common among women undergoing CS at Hospital Pulau Pinang. Special attention and enhanced clinical management of patients with identified risk factors for developing SSI may decrease its incidence