18 research outputs found
Electrochemical processes in a wire-in-a-capillary bulk-loaded, nano-electrospray emitter
AbstractExperiments are described that illustrate solvent oxidation, emitter electrode corrosion, and analyte oxidation in positive ion mode nano-electrospray mass spectrometry using a wire-in-a-capillary, bulk-loaded nano-electrospray emitter geometry. Time-lapsed color photography of pH and metal specific indicator solutions within operating nano-electrospray emitters, as well as temporal changes in the ions observed in the nano-electrospray mass spectra, are used to probe these reactions, judge their magnitude, and study the time dependent changes in solution composition and gas-phase ion signal brought about as a result of these electrochemical reactions. The significance of these observations for analytical applications of nano-electrospray mass spectrometry are discussed. (J Am Soc Spectrom 2001, 853â862) Published by Elsevier Science Inc
Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTICâHF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials
Aims:
The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTICâHF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTICâHF and how these compare with other contemporary trials.
Methods and Results:
Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA)ââ„âII, EF â€35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokineticâguided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50âmg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), nonâwhite (22%), mean age 65âyears] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NTâproBNP 1971âpg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTICâHF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressureâ<â100âmmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate <â30âmL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitrilâvalsartan at baseline (n = 1594).
Conclusions:
GALACTICâHF enrolled a wellâtreated, highârisk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation
Controlling analyte electrochemistry in an electrospray ion source with a three-electrode emitter cell
Ion/Ion Proton-Transfer Kinetics:Â Implications for Analysis of Ions Derived from Electrospray of Protein Mixtures
Enhanced Study and Control of Analyte Oxidation in Electrospray Using a Thin-Channel, Planar Electrode Emitter
Controlling Analyte Electrochemistry in an Electrospray Ion Source with a Three-Electrode Emitter Cell
Integrating âTop-Downâ and âBottom-Upâ Mass Spectrometric Approaches for Proteomic Analysis of Shewanella oneidensis
Proteomics-Based Tools for Evaluation of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis
Cell-free
protein synthesis (CFPS) has the potential to produce
enzymes, therapeutic agents, and other proteins, while circumventing
difficulties associated with in vivo heterologous expression. However,
the contents of the cell-free extracts used to carry out synthesis
are generally not characterized, which hampers progress toward enhancing
yield or functional activity of the target protein. We explored the
utility of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics for characterizing
the bacterial extracts used for transcribing and translating gene
sequences into proteins as well as the products of CFPS reactions.
Full proteome experiments identified over 1000 proteins per reaction.
The complete set of proteins necessary for transcription and translation
were found, demonstrating the ability to define potential metabolic
capabilities of the extract. Further, MS-based techniques allowed
characterization of the CFPS product and provided insight into the
synthesis reaction and potential functional activity of the product.
These capabilities were demonstrated using two different CFPS products,
the commonly used standard green fluorescent protein (GFP, 27 kDa)
and the polyketide synthase DEBS1 (394 kDa). For the large, multidomain
DEBS1, substantial premature termination of protein translation was
observed. Additionally, MS/MS analysis, as part of a conventional
full proteomics workflow, identified post-translational modifications,
including the chromophore in GFP, as well as the three phosphopantetheinylation
sites in DEBS1. A hypothesis-driven approach focused on these three
sites identified that all were correctly modified for DEBS1 expressed
in vivo but with less complete coverage for protein expressed in CFPS
reactions. These post-translational modifications are essential for
functional activity, and the ability to identify them with mass spectrometry
is valuable for judging the success of the CFPS reaction. Collectively,
the use of MS-based proteomics will prove advantageous for advancing
the application of CFPS and related techniques