6 research outputs found
Ion-Ion Correlation Effect on the Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering in Supernova Cores
We calculate the ion-ion correlation effect on the neutrino-nucleus
scattering in supernova cores, which is an important opacity source for the
neutrinos and plays a vital role in the supernova explosion. In order to
calculate the ion-ion correlation effect we use the results of the improved
hypernetted-chain method calculations of the classical one-component plasma. As
in the preceding studies on this effect, we find a dramatic decrease of the
effective neutrino-nucleus scattering cross section for relatively low energy
neutrinos with E < 20MeV. As a matter of fact, our calculation shows a much
more dramatic reduction of the effective neutrino-nucleus scattering cross
section for the low energy neutrinos with E < 10MeV than the results of
Horowitz. Therefore, the ion-ion correlation effect will be more important than
has hitherto been recognized. We present an accurate analytic fitting formula
that summarizes our numerical results. This fitting formula will facilitate the
application of the present results to the supernova explosion simulations.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 1 subroutine, published in ApJ 611, 1041-1044
(2004
Effect of single caffeine intake on neuropsychological functions in healthy volunteers: A double-blind placebo-controlled study.
OBJECTIVE:We investigated the effects of a single instance of caffeine intake on neurocognitive functions and driving performance in healthy subjects using an established cognitive battery and a driving simulator system. METHODS:This study was conducted in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled manner from February 19, 2016 to August 6, 2016. Caffeine intake was discontinued 3 days prior to the study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 200-mg doses of caffeine or a placebo. Thirty minutes after administration, cognitive functions were evaluated via the Symbol Digit Coding Test (SDC), the Stroop Test (ST), the Shifting Attention Test (SAT) and the Four Part Continuous Performance Test (FPCPT). After the cognitive function tests were conducted, driving performance was evaluated using a driving simulator. We measured the brake reaction time (BRT) in the Harsh-braking test and the standard deviation of the lateral position (SDLP) in the Road-tracking test. RESULTS:Of 100 randomized subjects, 50 (50%) of 100 in the caffeine group and 50 (50%) of 100 in the placebo group completed the study. Participants in the caffeine group had more correct responses than participants in the placebo group on the SAT (P = 0.03) and made fewer errors (P = 0.02). Participants in the caffeine group exhibited shorter times in the Harsh-braking test than participants in the placebo group (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS:A single instance of caffeine intake changed some neurocognitive functions and driving performance in healthy volunteers. TRIAL REGISTRATION:UMIN000023576