Frequency determination association of parent's smoking with tonsillectomy in children referring to Kashani hospital in Shahrekord in 2017-2018

Background and Objectve: Throat infections such as tonsilitis and pharyngitis in children can lead to absence from school, deferment from class, imposing treatment cost, and increasing the use of antibiotics. In addition to decreased mucosal salivary and mucosal immunity, smoking has harmful effects on oral microflora and may lead to tonsilitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of parents’ cigarette smoking on incidence of tonsillectomy in children referred to Kashani Hospital in Shahrekord during the period of 2017-2018. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on children with tonsillitis who referred to ENT department of Rasool and Imam Ali Clinic Shahrekord Medical University. Eighty children aged 3 to 12 years old with tonsillitis and tonsillectomy indications were included in the study. Children age, gender and surgery type as well as information about their mother and father cigarette smoking habits were recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using chisquare and logistic regression. Results: from 80 children, 42.5% were male and 57.5% were female. The mean age of children was 7.30±2.26 y. The cases of adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy were 66.3, 32.5 and 1.3%, respectively. 2.5% of mothers of children and 45% of fathers of these children had cigarette smoking. From smokers’father, 52.8% had cigarette smoking in outdoors and 47.2% had cigarette smoking indoor. There was no significant relationship between the type of surgery and status and place of cigarette smoking by mothers and fathers. Conclusion: Although there was no significant relationship between incidence of parents' cigarette smoking and tonsillectomy, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was relatively high among fathers of these children. Key words: Tonsillectomy, Children, Passive smokin

Comparison of Polyethylene Glycol Powder and Polyethylene Glycol 40% Syrup in Treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in Pediatrics

Introduction: Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints in children that can lead to many complications. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of polyethylene glycol powder and polyethylene glycol 40% syrup to treat constipation. Materials and Methods: This study was a nonrandomized semi-experimental clinical trial. The current study was conducted on 80 patients with constipation, referring to Imam Ali (PBUH) Clinic, Shahrekord randomly assigned to two groups of 40 each. Subjects were children under 15 years old with functional constipation selected by simple sampling since 2015. Group 1 was treated with polyethylene glycol powder and Group 2 was treated with polyethylene glycol 40% syrup for two months. During the treatment, the patients were examined five times with 2-week intervals and their symptoms consisting of defecation frequency, stool consistency, painful defecation, bloody defecation, and stool incontinence were registered in a checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS24. Results: The comparison of patients' total status before and after intervention shows that two groups were assessed in the weak level in the polyethylene glycol powder group 28(0.70%) cases and syrup group 36(0.90%), while after intervention, polyethylene glycol powder group was assessed in the high level 35(87.5%) cases and syrup group 37(92%) cases and most of patients after intervention promoted from weak and intermediate level before intervention to High level. Conclusion: The findings indicated similar efficacy and treatment response of the PEG powder and syrup. However, the PEG syrup can be used instead of its powder because of pleasant taste and ease of use. Keywords Author Keywords:Constipation; functional constipation; polyethylene glycol KeyWords Plus:CHILDHOOD CONSTIPATION; FUNCTIONAL CONSTIPATION; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; LAXATIVES; SPECTRU