Peningkatan Peranan Perbankan Syariah Untuk Pembiayaan USAha Pertanian

Improving the Role of Syariah Banking for Financing the Agricultural Enterprises. This essay attempts to discuss about the strategy for improving the role played by syariah banking in order to reach financial contribution in agricultural business. In this respect, the author argues that the roles of syariah bank could be maintained so that it can contribute more in to finance agricultural sector in the following strategies: to develop the number of syariah bank offices in agricultural environment, to deliver higher syariah financial contribution to agriculturalenterprises, to actively involve in product marketing of syariah banking finance for agricultural enterprises, to exclusively provide finance for syariah bank pertainingto agricultural enterprises, the purpose of which is minimize the potential harvesting failure

Kajian Penggunaan Pupuk Organik pada Tanaman Bawang Merah Asal Biji di Kabupaten Sidrap, Sulawesi Selatan

Study of Organic Fertilizer Usage in Onion Plant From Seed at Sidrap Distric, South Sulawesi. Theproductivity of shallots in South Sulawesi is still low due to lack of knowledge about the most appropriate typeand amounts of fertilizer USAge. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of organic fertilizersin combination with inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of shallots grown from seed. Assessment wasconducted at farmers\u27 field, Ponragae village, Pitu Riawa subdistrict, Sidrap district, from July to December2007. The assessment used a randomized block design consisting of ten treatments with three replicates andused the Tuk-Tuk variety. Result showed that applications of an organic fertilizer combined with inorganicfertilizers gave a good effect on growth and yield of shallot. The highest yield was obtained at treatment ofzeo-organic fertilizer at 5 t/ha + 200 kg urea + 50 kg SP-36 and 200 kg KCl/ha i.e 233.70 g of dry bulb perten plants or equal to 5.58 t/ha of dry bulb. On that treatment, plant height and bulb diameter were 50,80 cmand 3,66 cm respectively. Application of organic fertilizer decreased the USAge of inorganic fertilizer on shallot.Key words: Fertilizer, organic, shallot, seedTingkat produktivitas bawang merah di Sulawesi Selatan masih rendah disebabkan antara lain kurangnyainformasi tentang jenis dan dosis pupuk yang tepat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas pupuk organikyang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah asal biji. Kajiandilaksanakan di lahan petani di Desa Ponragae, Kecamatan Pitu Riawa, Kabupaten Sidrap, pada bulan Juli sampaiDesember 2007. Kajian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, yang terdiri dari sepuluh perlakuan dan tigaulangan. Varietas yang digunakan adalah varietas Tuk-tuk. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pupukorganik yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk anorganik memberikan pengaruh yang baik terhadap pertumbuhandan hasil bawang merah. Hasil tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan pupuk zeo-organik 5 t/ha + 200 kg urea +50 kg SP-36 dan 200 kg KCl/ha yaitu 233,70 g umbi kering per 0 tanaman atau setara dengan 5,58 t/haumbi kering. Pada perlakuan tersebut, tinggi tanaman dan diameter umbi masing-masing mencapai 50,80 cm dan3,66 cm. Pemanfaatan pupuk organik mengurangi penggunaan pupuk anorganik pada tanaman bawang merah

Asymptotics of Transmit Antenna Selection: Impact of Multiple Receive Antennas

Consider a fading Gaussian MIMO channel with $N_\mathrm{t}$ transmit and $N_\mathrm{r}$ receive antennas. The transmitter selects $L_\mathrm{t}$ antennas corresponding to the strongest channels. For this setup, we study the distribution of the input-output mutual information when $N_\mathrm{t}$ grows large. We show that, for any $N_\mathrm{r}$ and $L_\mathrm{t}$, the distribution of the input-output mutual information is accurately approximated by a Gaussian distribution whose mean grows large and whose variance converges to zero. Our analysis depicts that, in the large limit, the gap between the expectation of the mutual information and its corresponding upper bound, derived by applying Jensen's inequality, converges to a constant which only depends on $N_\mathrm{r}$ and $L_\mathrm{t}$. The result extends the scope of channel hardening to the general case of antenna selection with multiple receive and selected transmit antennas. Although the analyses are given for the large-system limit, our numerical investigations indicate the robustness of the approximated distribution even when the number of antennas is not large.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, ICC 201

Karakterisasi Patogen CVPD Pada Tanaman Jeruk Dan Vektor CVPD Menggunakan Teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction

. Asaad, M. 2006. Detection of greening organisms in citrus plants and vector by polymerase chain reaction technique. Greening disease caused by greening organism (GO: L. asiaticum) is one of the most destructive disease of citrus in many parts of Asia and Africa. The 16S rDNA fragments of the GO were detected by PCR technique in leaves of infected mandarin trees showing one of the various typical symptoms. The objective of the experiment was to detect the presence of GO on citrus plants and vectors in Malaysia and Indonesia by PCR. The experiment was conducted in Phytopathology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Putra Malaysia from January to September 2001. Leaves were collected from GO-infected mandarin trees at Bertam Valley, Serdang, Marang (Malaysia), and Jeneponto, Sidrap, and Selayar (South Sulawesi, Indonesia). Results of experiment indicated that 4 kinds of symptoms, namely mottling (type I), mild chlorosis with green vein (type II), severe chlorosis with green vein (type III), and vein yellowing (type IV) on leaves were observed in GO-infected mandarin trees. Symptoms of types II and III were the most common found in mandarin trees, followed by type I. The 16S rDNA fragments of the GO in expected size of 1160 bp were detected in each of the typical symptoms (type I, II, III) collected from each citrus area. These fragments were also detected in an insect vector (D. citri) collected from GO-infected mandarin trees. Restriction enzyme analysis of amplified DNA revealed that GO in Malaysia and Indonesia was L. asiaticum

On Robustness of Massive MIMO Systems Against Passive Eavesdropping under Antenna Selection

In massive MIMO wiretap settings, the base station can significantly suppress eavesdroppers by narrow beamforming toward legitimate terminals. Numerical investigations show that by this approach, secrecy is obtained at no significant cost. We call this property of massive MIMO systems `secrecy for free' and show that it not only holds when all the transmit antennas at the base station are employed, but also when only a single antenna is set active. Using linear precoding, the information leakage to the eavesdroppers can be sufficiently diminished, when the total number of available transmit antennas at the base station grows large, even when only a fixed number of them are selected. This result indicates that passive eavesdropping has no significant impact on massive MIMO systems, regardless of the number of active transmit antennas.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures; To be presented in IEEE Global Communications Conference (Globecom) 2018 in Abu Dhabi, UA

Optimal Number of Transmit Antennas for Secrecy Enhancement in Massive MIMOME Channels

This paper studies the impact of transmit antenna selection on the secrecy performance of massive MIMO wiretap channels. We consider a scenario in which a multi-antenna transmitter selects a subset of transmit antennas with the strongest channel gains. Confidential messages are then transmitted to a multi-antenna legitimate receiver while the channel is being overheard by a multi-antenna eavesdropper. For this setup, we approximate the distribution of the instantaneous secrecy rate in the large-system limit. The approximation enables us to investigate the optimal number of selected antennas which maximizes the asymptotic secrecy throughput of the system. We show that increasing the number of selected antennas enhances the secrecy performance of the system up to some optimal value, and that further growth in the number of selected antennas has a destructive effect. Using the large-system approximation, we obtain the optimal number of selected antennas analytically for various scenarios. Our numerical investigations show an accurate match between simulations and the analytic results even for not so large dimensions.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, IEEE GLOBECOM 201

Uji Adaptasi Teknologi Budidaya Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Enrekang Sulawesi Selatan

Application of Shallot Cultivation Technology in Enrekang, South Sulawesi. Shallot is one of the important vegetable crops in South Sulawesi, but the level of productivity is still low at 6 t / ha. This is caused partly by the lack of specific location technology. The purpose of the assessment is to to get a package of shallot cultivation technology appropriate and in accordance with local conditions. Assessments conducted at Tominawa Village, Baraka Sub-district, Enrekang District from March to December 2008, using a paired plot design, with two treatments: (1) The application of cultivation technology and (2) Cultivation of farmer ways. The assessment indicated that the application of cultivation technology as recommended giving shallot growth better than the way farmers plant growth. In this treatment of tuber fresh weight per 10 groves of shallots, tubers and higher tuber diameter of each 937 g, 3.86 cm and 4.20 cm. Furthermore, the number of tubers per hill and tuber dry weight per 10 clusters each tuber and 810 g. 7.28 While the yield obtained on the recommendation technology is 2772 kg/ha, equivalent 0.35 7.92 t/ha. Acceptance of farmers on the application of technology recommended treatment is USD. 30,492,000 as of 0.35 ha with RC ratio of 2.45