Ratlarda termal injuriye bağlı oluşan gastrik mukozal hasarda trimetazidinin koruyucu etkisi

TMZ kan akımı üzerine olan etkilerinden dolayı kardiyoloji pratiğinde uzun yıllardır kullanılmaktadır. Ancak hu ilacın gastrointestinal sistem üzerindeki etkileri özellikle de gastrik mukozayı koruyucu özelliği çok bilinen bir konu değildir. Bu çalışmada, ratlarda termal yanığa bağlı olarak oluşan gastrik mukozal hasar modelini kullanarak, TMZ'in koruyucu rolü araştırılmış, ayrıca serbest oksijen radikal ler iyle olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada 29 adet Wistar cinsi dişi rat kullanılmıştır. Ratlar 3 randomize gruba ayrılmıştır. Grup 1 ve Grup 11 ratlar sırt bölgelerinde total vücut yüzeyinin %30'unu oluşturacak şekilde yanık oluşturulmak amacıyla 99°C kaynar suya 10 sn süreyle daldırıldı. Grup III (kontrol) ratlar ise 21°C suya daldırıldı. Yanıktan hemen sonra Grup II (TMZ verilen) ratlara intraperitoneal olarak 2 ml SF içinde TMZ verildi. Diğer gruplara 2 ml SF intraperitoneal olarak verildi. İşlemden 6 saat sonra tüm ratlar yüksek doz anestetik verilerek sakrifiye edildi ve mideleri alınarak büyük kurvatur boyunca açıldı. Lezyonlar öncelikle makroskopik olarak ve mikroskopik olarak değerlendirildi. Dokuda MDA, MPO ve GSH düzeyleri ölçüldü. Sonuç: Ratlarda termal yanıkta oluşturulan strese bağlı gastrik mukozal hasarda TMZ koruyucu etki göstermektedir. Bu çalışma TMZ tedavisi MDA ve MPO düzeylerini düşürmekte, GSH/GSSG oranları üzerinde önemli bir etki oluşturmamaktadır.TMZ has been used for a long time in cardiology practice for its effects on blood flow. But its effect on gastrointestinal tract, and especially protective effect on gastric mucosa is not a well known subject. In this study by using gastric mucosa injury model due to thermal injury in rats, the protective effect of trimetazidine was investigated, besides its relation with free oxygen radicals evaluated. A total of 29 Wistar type female rats used in the study. Rats are divided into three groups. Rats in the first and second groups are taken into water of 99°C about 10 seconds in order to perform thermal injury on back which is approximately 30% of the whole body surface. Rats in the third group (control) are taken into water that is 21°C. After thermal injury 2 ml of saline including trimetazidine is given intraperitoneally to the rats.Two mlof saline is also given to the rats in the other two groups. All rats are sacrified six hours after the experiment, and their stomach are opened through teh great curvature. All lesion are evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Tissue MDA, MPO and GSH levels are measured. Results: TMZ has a protective effect on gastric mucosal due to thermal injury in rats. TMZ decreases MDA and MPO levels, but no effect on GSH/GSSG levels

Immunomodulatory Effect of Exercise in Patients with Asthma

Objective: Immune responses can change with exercise. We aimed to show the changes in cytokine levels pre- and post-exercise in patients with asthma. Methods: In this prospective control trial, data of 32 patients with asthma that was under control were classified into two groups, pre- and post-exercise. Serum IL-1β and monocyte IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-10 expressions were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients were advised to walk for at least 30 min for 4 days/week for 12 weeks. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic properties of the participants. Monocyte IL-1β levels in the pre- and post-exercise groups were 1.99±0.35 and 1.01±0.22 pg/mL, respectively (p=0.003). IL-10 levels in the pre- and post-exercise groups were 1.64±0.02 and 1.21±0.03 pg/mL, respectively (p=0.04). IL-2 levels in the pre- and post-exercise groups were 0.64±0.045 and 0.32±0.09 pg/mL, respectively (p=0.001). However, there was a significant difference in serum IL-1β and monocyte IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-10 levels between the groups (p=0.02, p=0.003, p=0.04, and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Systemic inflammatory parameters that are commonly elevated in asthma may improve by exercise. The elucidation of the mechanism of immune control in patients with asthma is useful for the future treatment of asthma

Pneumonia in HIV-infected patients

İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi.Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an immune system disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The purpose of this review is to investigate the correlation between an immune system destroyed by HIV and the frequency of pneumonia. Observational studies show that respiratory diseases are among the most common infections observed in HIV-infected patients. In addition, pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. According to articles in literature, in addition to antiretroviral therapy (ART) or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the use of prophylaxis provides favorable results for the treatment of pneumonia. Here we conduct a systematic literature review to determine the pathogenesis and causative agents of bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, fungal pneumonia, Pneumocystis pneumonia, viral pneumonia and parasitic infections and the prophylaxis in addition to ART and HAART for treatment. Pneumococcus-based polysaccharide vaccine is recommended to avoid some type of specific bacterial pneumonia

Effects of Omalizumab Treatment on Some Biomarkers in Severe Allergic Asthma Patients

Objective: The mechanism of biological treatment molecule called omalizumab used in asthma treatment is thought to be versatile; however, the mechanism still remains unknown. This study was undertaken in severe asthma patients underwent omalizumab treatment, in order to investigate the relationship between biomarker expression and disease characteristics related to the immune system. Methods: Consecutive patients with severe asthma disease (n=15; Group IA, pretreatment and Group IB, post-treatment) underwent omalizumab treatment. Control group was age- and sex-matched including 25 healthy in Group II. Blood samples from both the groups were taken during their first visit (Group IA and II) and then after 12 months of treatment in asthmatic patients (Group IB). Serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), eosinophil cationic peptide (ECP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), soluble OX2 (sCD200) and clinical follow-up tests including fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), asthma control test (ACT), and pulmonary function tests were evaluated. Results: After the treatment, 25(OH)D levels and pulmonary function tests, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) levels, were significantly increased. Furthermore, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), Hcy, ECP, FeNO, and sCD200 levels were dramatically diminished. Regression analysis revealed positive correlations between ACT-FEV1 and ACT- FVC and between FeNO-age and FeNO-ECP for Group IA patients. Negative correlations were detected between ACT-IgE, age-FEV1, FeNO-FEV1, and FeNO-FVC for Group IA patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the potential use of serum biomolecules in concordance to the clinical status of the asthmatic patients might be a follow-up tool for the omalizumab therapy

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Disease is Associated with Depressed Levels of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by multiple, large renal cysts and impaired kidney function. Although the reason for the development of kidney cysts is unknown, ADPKD is associated with cell cycle arrest and abundant apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Aims: We asked whether serum-soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) might underlie ADPKD. Study Design: Case-control study. Methods: Serum sTRAIL levels were measured in 44 patients with ADPKD and 18 healthy volunteers. The human soluble TRAIL/Apo2L ELISA kit was used for the in vitro quantitative determination of sTRAIL in serum samples. Results: Mean serum sTRAIL levels were lower in patients with ADPKD as compared to the control group (446.9±103.1 and 875.9±349.6 pg/mL, p0.05). Conclusion: Our results show that ADPKD patients have depressed sTRAIL levels, indicating apoptosis unrelated to the stage of chronic renal failure

Thalassemia-free and graft-versus-host-free survival: Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia major, Turkish experience

We report the national data on the outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for thalassemia major (TM) patients in Turkey on behalf of the Turkish Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Group. We retrospectively enrolled 1469 patients with TM who underwent their first HSCT between 1988 and 2020 in 25 pediatric centers in Turkey. The median follow-up duration and transplant ages were 62 months and 7 years, respectively; 113 patients had chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) and the cGVHD rate was 8.3% in surviving patients. Upon the last visit, 30 patients still had cGvHD (2.2%). The 5-year overall survival (OS), thalassemia-free survival (TFS) and thalassemia-GVHD-free survival (TGFS) rates were 92.3%, 82.1%, and 80.8%, respectively. cGVHD incidence was significantly lower in the mixed chimerism (MC) group compared to the complete chimerism (CC) group (p < 0.001). In survival analysis, OS, TFS, and TGFS rates were significantly higher for transplants after 2010. TFS and TGFS rates were better for patients under 7 years and at centers that had performed over 100 thalassemia transplants. Transplants from matched unrelated donors had significantly higher TFS rates. We recommend HSCT before 7 years old in thalassemia patients who have a matched donor for improved outcomes.Turkish Society of Pediatric Hematolog