We can resolve our conflicts: introducing a conflict resolution education program

Bu makalenin amacı, ilköğretim birinci kademe öğrencileri arasında yaşanan şiddeti azaltmak ve önlemek amacıyla geliştirilmiş olan Anlaşmazlıklarımızı Çözebiliriz çatışma çözümü eğitim programını tanıtmak; programın temellendirildiği kuramlar ve görgül çalışmalar hakkında bilgi vermektir. Program, yapıcı çatışma çözümü, empati, öfke kontrolü ve sosyal bilgi işleme kuramları üzerine temellendirilmiştir. Eğitim süresince öyküler, fotoğraflar, karikatürler, posterler, çizgi filmler gibi çocukların ilgisini çekebilecek materyaller kullanılmakta, kalem-kağıt aktiviteleri, sınıf tartışmaları, oyun, rol oynama, drama gibi farklı tekniklerden yararlanılmaktadır. Çatışma çözümü eğitim programlarının etkililiği konusunda yapılan araştırma sonuçları, sosyal ve duygusal becerilerin öğrenilebileceğini ve bu becerilerin kazanımıyla saldırgan davranışların azaltılabileceğini göstermektedir.This paper provides a description of We Can Resolve Our Conflicts education program designed to prevent and reduce aggression in elementary school students and an overview of its theoretical and empirical foundations. The program was based on the theories of empathy, anger control, social information processing, and constructive conflict resolution. Effectiveness of the program was also examined by two empirical studies. The program aims active participation of the students therefore materials interesting for children such as stories, photos, cartoons, posters, films and different techniques such as pen and paper activities, class discussions, plays, role-plays, drama are utilized in the program. Studies examining the effectiveness of conflict resolution education programs have suggested that social and emotional skills can be taught and aggression can be reduced by these acquisitions

Ultrasound Findings in a Case of Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast

Myeloid sarcoma is a rare, solid extramedullary tumor originating from immature granulocytic cells or monocytes. Breast involvement without an aleukemic or myeloproliferative disorder is very infrequent. A 21-year-old female patient was admitted with bilateral palpable breast masses for four months. The patient had given birth approximately one year ago. The ultrasonographic examination revealed multiple, oval shaped—some of them with microlubulated margins—hypoechoic, solid masses of which, the largest mass measured 4.5 . 2.5 cm, evaluated as BI-RADS 4. The histopthological examination suggested hematolymphoid neoplasm. In the differential diagnosis of solid breast lesions, myeloid sarcoma should be kept in mind even without hematological findings. Early diagnosis of this tumor is important for the effectiveness of the medical treatment

Nonpalpable BI-RADS 4 breast lesions: sonographic findings and pathology correlation

PURPOSEWe aimed to evaluate ultrasonography (US) findings for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 4 lesions using BI-RADS US lexicon and determine the positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of US with respect to biopsy results.METHODSSonograms of 186 BI-RADS 4 nonpalpable breast lesions with a known diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively. The morphologic features of all lesions were described using BI-RADS lexicon and the lesions were subcategorized into 4A, 4B, and 4C on the basis of the physician’s level of suspicion. Lesion descriptors and biopsy results were correlated. Pathologic results were compared with US features. PPVs of BI-RADS subcategories 4A, 4B, and 4C were calculated.RESULTSOf 186 lesions, 38.7% were malignant and 61.2% were benign. PPVs according to subcategories 4A, 4B, and 4C were 19.5%, 41.5%, and 74.3%, respectively. Microlobulated, indistinct, and angular margins, posterior acoustic features, and echo pattern were nonspecific signs for nonpalpable BI-RADS 4 lesions. Typical signs of malignancy were irregular shape (PPV, 66%), spiculated margin (PPV, 80%) and nonparallel orientation (PPV, 58.9%). Typical signs of benign lesions were oval shape (NPV, 77.1%), circumscribed margin (NPV, 67.5%), parallel orientation (NPV, 70%), and abrupt interface (NPV, 67.6%).CONCLUSIONBI-RADS criteria are not sufficient for discriminating between malignant and benign lesions, and biopsy is required. Subcategories 4A, 4B, and 4C are useful in predicting the likelihood of malignancy. However, objective and clear subclassification rules are needed