Rapid screening and distribution of bioactive compounds in different parts of Berberis petiolaris using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry

AbstractBerberis petiolaris Wall. ex G. Don, an unexplored medicinal plant belonging to the family Berberidaceae, is a large deciduous shrub found in Western Himalaya between 1800–3000m. Chemical profiling of fruit, leaf, root and stem was done by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis for discrimination among the plant parts. The bioactive compounds, including magnoflorine, berberine, jatrorrhizine, thalifendine/berberrubine, demethyleneberberine, reticuline, 8-oxoberberine, N-methyltetrahydroberberine, tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydroberberine and palmatine, were identified by their exact mass measurement and the corresponding molecular formula of each compound. A comparative study of distribution pattern for all these bioactive alkaloids showed qualitative and quantitative variations in different parts of B. petiolaris. Principal component analysis clearly discriminated each part of B. petiolaris plant

Assessment of the dual role of Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude in inhibiting AGEs and enhancing GLUT4 translocation through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS determination and in silico studies

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that results in glucose accumulation in the blood, accompanied by the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through glycation of cellular proteins. These AGEs interfere with insulin signaling and prevent GLUT4 membrane translocation, thereby promoting the accumulation of more glucose in the blood and causing post-diabetic complications.Methods: In this study, we examine the anti-diabetic potential of Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude, a well-known ethnomedicinal plant of the Indian Himalayas. Considering its various medicinal properties, we analyzed its ethanolic extract and various solvent fractions for in vitro antiglycation activity and antidiabetic potential, i.e., stimulation of GLUT4 translocation.Result and Discussions: The results showed that the extract and fractions exhibited increased antiglycation activity and an increased level of GLUT4 translocation. Analysis of a further 12 bioactive compounds of ethanolic extract, identified through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, revealed the presence of three new compounds: leucothol B, rhodoterpenoids A, and leucothol A. Moreover, we performed molecular docking of identified compounds against key proteins of diabetes mellitus: the sirtuin family of NAD (+)-dependent protein deacetylases 6 (SIRT6), aldose reductase (AR), and tyrosine kinase (TK). The results showed that flavonoid luteolin showed the best binding affinity ((−12.3 kcal/mol), followed by eriodictyol, astilbin, and syringaresinol. An ADMET study showed that luteolin, eriodictyol, astilbin, and syringaresinol may be promising drug candidates belonging to the flavonoid class of compounds, with no harmful effects and complying with all the drug-likeness guidelines. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a 50 ns timescale revealed that AR protein was most stable with luteolin throughout the simulation period. Therefore, this study reveals for the first time that L. ovalifolia plays an important role in insulin homeostasis, as shown in in vitro and in silico studies

Power quality enhancement using DSTATCOM in distributed power generation system

In this work, an implementation of DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) is discussed in distributed power generation system using composite observer based control technique. The proposed control technique is employed for fundamental components extraction of distorted generator load currents. Extracted these components are used estimation of reference source currents to generate gating signals of DSTATCOM. The above mentioned control technique is implemented for mitigation of higher demand of reactive power, distortion in term of harmonics and load balancing under linear/nonlinear loads. The performance of DSTATCOM is observed satisfactory for these consumer loads with regulated generator voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) and self supported dc link

Power quality enhancement using DSTATCOM in distributed power generation system

In this paper, a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is implemented for controlling a distributed power generating system using a proposed composite observer based control technique. The proposed control technique is employed for the fundamental components extraction of distorted load currents. These extracted components are used in the estimation of reference source currents to generate gating signals of DSTATCOM. The proposed control technique is implemented for the mitigation of reactive power, distortion in term of harmonics, and load balancing under linear/nonlinear loads. The performance of DSTATCOM is observed satisfactory for these consumer loads with regulated generator voltage at point of common coupling and self-supported dc link of voltage-source converter of DSTATCOM

Power quality improvement in isolated distributed generating system using DSTATCOM

This paper presents the control of a synchronous reluctance generator (SyRG) driven by a biogas/biomass diesel engine as a prime mover in a distributed power generating system. This generator is used as a source to feed linear and nonlinear loads. A three-leg voltage source converter (VSC) based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is implemented using adaptive neutral network based control algorithm for harmonics suppression, load balancing and voltage regulation in three-phase three-wire SyRG system with a battery energy storage system. This control algorithm is used for extraction of active and reactive power components of distorted load currents. These components of load currents are used for estimation of reference source currents to generate the gating pulses of VSC used as DSTATCOM. The performance of DSTATCOM is observed satisfactory for this type of generating system under balanced and unbalanced loads

Efficacy of Desmodium gangeticum extract and its fractions against experimental visceral leishmaniasis

Crude ethanolic extract of Indian medicinal plant, Desmodium gangeticum (A001) and its three fractions—hexane (F002), n-butanol (F003) and aqueous (F004) were evaluated chemoprophylactically and chemotherapeutically against experimental visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters. Ethanolic extract showed 41.2 ± 5.3% inhibition of parasite multiplication when administered at a dose of 250 mg/kg × 2 on day −7 and +7 of Leishmania donovani challenge. Its n-butanol fraction exhibited better efficacy than the ethanolic extract to the tune of 66.7 ± 6.1% inhibition when administered at similar dose schedule. But the other two fractions failed to exert any action prophylactically. F003 also imparted significant (P < 0.001) non-specific resistance to peritoneal macrophages against Leishmania infection. F003 also showed moderate antileishmanial activity when tested against established infection of Leishmania donovani in hamsters but the rest three fractions failed to show any significant inhibition of parasite multiplication. These findings revealed that this plant has potential prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against Leishmania infection and warrants detailed investigations on its possible immunopotentiatory actions

Power quality improvement in isolated distributed power generating system using DSTATCOM

This paper presents the control of a synchronous reluctance generator (SyRG) driven by a biogas/biomass diesel engine as a prime mover in a distributed power generating system. This generator is used as a source to feed linear and nonlinear loads. A three-leg voltage source converter (VSC)-based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is implemented using an adaptive neural network-based control algorithm for harmonic suppression, load balancing, and voltage regulation in a three-phase SyRG system with a battery energy storage system. This control algorithm is used for extraction of active and reactive power components of distorted load currents. These components of load currents are used for estimation of reference source currents to generate the gating pulses of VSC used as DSTATCOM. The performance of DSTATCOM is observed satisfactory for this type of power generating system under balanced and unbalanced loads

Herbal and traditional medicines pharmacovigilance for holistic treatment

13-21Compared to allopathic medicines or chemically synthesized drugs, there is a growing use of natural compounds and supplements in herbal medicine to treat various diseases as they are safe and devoid of side effects. Though, this is not completely true as many cases of the detrimental impact of herbal or traditional medicine have been reported. Herbal medicines contain unpurified plant portions or extracts which may have these side effects. How effective are the drug molecules derived from natural products, or how destructive are the undesirable compounds that must be investigated? Natural extracts are mixtures of various components, and there is uncertainty about the mechanism of action of certain herbal medicines. There may be a lot of factors involved like placebo effects, and other molecules without which medicine may not work in isolation. In this study, we have reviewed the effects of herbal medicines, possible causes for their benefits like epigenetic changes, adverse drug reactions, and the provision to control these issues. We have also explored the measures being taken at the national and international levels. There have been efforts to minimize the issues related to side effects based on reporting from the population using remedies monitored by pharmacovigilance

Abstracts of National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020

This book presents the abstracts of the papers presented to the Online National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020 (RDMPMC-2020) held on 26th and 27th August 2020 organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science in Association with the Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Conference Title: National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020Conference Acronym: RDMPMC-2020Conference Date: 26–27 August 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology JamshedpurCo-organizer: Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, IndiaConference Sponsor: TEQIP-

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)