Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia with insulin glargine 300U/mL versus insulin glargine 100U/mL in insulin-<em>na\uefve</em> people with type 2 diabetes: 12-month results from the EDITION 3 trial

Aerodynamic drag is the cause for more than two-thirds of the fuel consumption of large trucks at highway speeds. Due to functionality considerations, the aerodynamic efficiency of the aft-regions of large trucks was traditionally sacrificed. This leads to massively separated flow at the lee-side of truck-trailers, with an associated drag penalty of at least a third of the total aerodynamic drag. Active Flow Control (AFC), the capability to alter the flow behavior using unsteady, localized energy injection, can very effectively delay boundary layer separation. By attaching a compact and relatively inexpensive “add-on” AFC device to the back side of truck-trailers (or by modifying it when possible) the flow separating from it could be redirected to turn into the lee-side of the truck, increasing the back pressure, thus significantly reducing drag. A comprehensive and aggressive research plan that combines actuator development, computational fluid dynamics and bench-top as well as wind tunnel experiments was performed. The research uses an array of 15 newly developed Suction and Oscillatory Blowing actuators housed inside a circular cylinder attached to the aft edges of a generic 2D truck model. Preliminary results indicate a net drag reduction of 10% or more