Procurement and Predation: Dynamic Sourcing from Financially Constrained Suppliers

This paper studies the interaction between financially constrained and financially strong firms on a procurement market. It characterizes and discusses a procurement agency’s optimal response when faced with financially asymmetric firms. By considering a dynamic setting, both present and future consequences and incentives are taken into account

The Relationship Between Prisoners’ Academic Self-efficacy and Participation in Education, Previous Convictions, Sentence Length, and Portion of Sentence Served

Prison education is an important aspect of adult education. The study investigated current participation in prison education, as well as previous convictions, sentence length, and the portion of sentence served as predictors of academic self-efficacy. Survey data derived from prisoners in all Norwegian prisons provided the empirical evidences for the analyses. A principal component analysis of a 40-item academic self-efficacy questionnaire revealed self-efficacy components in literacy, mathematics, ICT, and self-regulated learning. Educational participation had a positive influence on self-efficacy in both mathematics and self-regulated learning. Participants who reported no previous conviction scored higher than others did on self-efficacy in mathematics, self-regulated learning, and ICT. Furthermore, the results showed that perceived efficacy in ICT decreased with longer sentence length. Portion of sentence served was not significantly related to any of the four self-efficacy components. The findings are discussed with reference to a need for mastery experiences in prison and implications for policy and practic

Symptoms of ADHD are related to education and work experience among incarcerated adults

Several reports document increased prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD) and similar symptoms in incarcerated members of the community, but little is known about how the symptoms are related to education and work experience. An ongoing study among Norwegian inmates reveals that 60 % report signs of ADHD. In the present study a sample of 600 inmates incarcerated in Norway filled out a questionnaire including the WURS-k (Wender Utah Rating Scale, short form) and questions to survey completed education level and work experience. A clear relationship was found between the WURS-k score and earlier job-experience, with increased probability of ADHD with work experience from low socio-economic status jobs. The scale was also found to share variance with the inmates’ reported education history, as higher education reduces the probability of ADHD among the incarcerated adults. Thus, the WURS-k could be a useful screening instrument in education assessment among inmates. The link between the present findings and development of anti-social behaviour is discussed

Pannaria microphyllizans (Nyl.) P.M.Jørg. from New Zealand restudied and compared with P. athroophylla (Stirt.) Elvebakk & D.J.Galloway and the three new species Pannaria cassa, P. kantvilasii and P. wrightiorum

Off print version. Source at https://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/lichenlist/Australasian_Lichenology.html.Pannaria microphyllizans, a previously misunderstood species, is shown here to have gibbose perispores with long-tailed apical extensions, and to lack TLC-detectable chemistry. It is related to P. athroophylla, a species with different phyllidia, a chemistry of isovicanicin and leprolomin, and spores of the same type but differing in several details. The latter has been too widely interpreted in New Zealand, because there are two more previously undescribed phyllidiate taxa. Pannaria wrightiorum contains vicanicin, leprolomin and scabrosin esters, has short phyllidia and characteristic spore details. Pannaria kantvilasii has the same chemistry, but distinctly different spores, revealing a position within the P. leproloma group. Pannaria cassa, a third new species described here, is primarily fertile and is related to P. microphyllizans, having the same chemistry and spore type. Apart from P. kantvilasii, the taxa dealt with here belong to the same group within Pannaria as the South American P. patagonica. The phyllidiate species in the group develop characteristic prothalli that recruit lichenized thallus fragments. The species dealt with here are probably widespread in New Zealand, although their distributions are insufficiently known. Pannaria wrightiorum is strikingly common on Campbell Island, and P. kantvilasii also occurs in Tasmania

Editor\u27s Welcome for Volume 3, Issue 1

Welcome to the fall issue of volume 3 of the JPER. The spring issue appeared with a focus on women in prison. Brittnie Aiello and Krista McQueeney contributed an article on the implications for understanding motherhood as a mechanism of moral identity and social control. They discussed how incarcerated mothers constructed moral identities in the face of stigma of incarceration. Following an analysis of data from participant observation and in-depth interviews with incarcerated mothers, they discuss how mothers claim moral identities by embracing the identity of incarcerated mothers to reinforce the assumptions that motherhood is compulsory and should be reserved for women with enough money and standing to give their children advantages

Pannaria crispella comb. nov. and P. campbelliana Hue, two overlooked lichens from New Zealand

Off print version. Source at https://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/lichenlist/Australasian_Lichenology.html.Psoroma sphinctrinum var. crispellum has been considered a synonym of Pannaria implexa, but it is a distinct species, recombined here as P. crispella. It forms a thin, filmy thallus on tree trunks, and consists of rounded, confluent squamules surrounded by a distinct black prothallus. The apothecia are initially simple with a well-defined central thalline plug. However, the plug soon expands into a labyrinth-like structure with undulate margins, unlike those of any other Pannariaceae. The ascospores are long-tailed, as in P. implexa, but otherwise smooth, and the species contains argopsin, very rarely reported from the family except for the parmelielloid clade. Pannaria campbelliana, previously also considered to be a synonym of P. implexa, is shown here to represent a second well-founded species, characterized by thick, geotropically arranged squamules, a distinct fibrous prothallus, apothecia with a prominent simple thalline plug and short-ellipsoid spores lacking apiculate extensions