Attenuating effect of Acorus calamus extract in chronic constriction injury induced neuropathic pain in rats: an evidence of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and calcium inhibitory effects

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Acorus calamus </it>(family: <it>Araceae</it>), is an indigenous plant, traditionally it is used as an ingredient of various cocktail preparations and for the management of severe inflammatory disorders in Indian system of medicine. Present study investigated the attenuating role of <it>Acorus calamus </it>plant extract in chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve induced peripheral neuropathy in rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Hot plate, plantar, Randall Selitto, Von Frey Hair, pin prick, acetone drop, photoactometer and rota-rod tests were performed to assess degree of thermal, radiant, mechanical, chemical sensation, spontaneous motor activity and motor co-ordination changes respectively, at different time intervals i.e., day 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21. Tissue myeloperoxidase, superoxide anion and total calcium levels were determined after 21^stday to assess biochemical alterations. Histopathological evaluations were also performed. Hydroalcoholic extract of <it>Acorus calamus </it>(HAE-<it>AC</it>, 100 and 200 mg/kg, <it>p.o.</it>) and pregabalin (10 mg/kg, <it>p.o.</it>) were administered from the day of surgery for 14 days.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CCI of sciatic nerve significantly induced thermal, radiant, mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal, chemical, tactile allodynia, along with increase in the levels of superoxide anion, total calcium and myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover significant histological changes were also observed. HAE-<it>AC </it>attenuated CCI induced development of painful behavioural, biochemical and histological changes in a dose dependent manner similar to that of pregabalin serving as positive control.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>Acorus calamus </it>prevented CCI induced neuropathy which may be attributed to its multiple actions including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and calcium inhibitory actions.</p

Pharmacological evaluation of tacrolimus (FK-506) on ischemia reperfusion induced vasculatic neuropathic pain in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) is common in various pathological conditions like diabetic complication, rheumatic arthritis, necrotizing vascular occlusive disease and trauma.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We have evaluated the effect of tacrolimus (1, 2 and 3 mg/kg, <it>p.o</it>. for 10 consecutive days) on femoral arterial ischemic reperfusion (I/R) induced neuropathic pain in rats. Behavioral parameters (i.e. hot plate, radiant heat, acetone drop, tail heat hyperalgesia, tail flick and tail cold allodynia tests) were assessed at different time intervals (i.e. 0, 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16^thday) and biochemical analysis in serum and tissue samples were also performed along with histopathological studies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Behavioral pain assessment revealed increase in the paw and tail withdrawal threshold in tacrolimus treated groups against hyperalgesic and allodynic stimuli as compared to the sham control group. We observed a decrease in the serum nitrate and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels along with reduction in tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) and total calcium levels, whereas, rise in tissue reduced glutathione levels in tacrolimus treated groups. However, significant results were obtained in medium and high dose treated group as compared to sham control group. Histopathological study had revealed the increase in the neuronal edema and axonal degeneration in the I/R group whereas, tacrolimus ameliorate these effects.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and calcium modulatory actions of tacrolimus. Therefore, it can be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of vascular inflammatory related neuropathic pain.</p

Recent Advance of Enzyme Targets for the Management of Vascular Dementia

The basic understanding of vascular dementia (VaD) and their molecular mechanisms are a too complex phenomenon. VaD associated neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment are due to multiple complications of the neurovascular system. The progress of VaD is due to the central and/or peripheral pathophysiological process of the neurovascular system. There are limited nootropic agents are employed for the treatment of VaD. Moreover, the explored nootropic agents act on multiple targets such as receptors, enzymes, ion channel, free radicals, cytokines, chemokines, and apoptotic proteins. However, the enzyme targets, especially acetylcholinesterase inhibitors played a crucial role in the management of cognitive disorders. The pathogenesis of VaD is involved in the vascular complication and neurodegenerative process. Hence, the enzymatic regulation of neurovascular complication is expected to prevent the VaD. The present chapter attempts to explore the recent advancement of enzyme targets for the management of VaD

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-ulcerative potential of Citrullus lanatus seed extract in rats

In the present study antioxidant and antiulcer potential of Citrullus lanatus seeds were evaluated. Antioxidant activity of all the extracts (chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol) was measured by DPPH method. Methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus (MECL) seeds showed maximum antioxidant potential and was evaluated for its anti-ulcerogenic activity by pyloric ligated (PL) and water immersion stress (WIS) induced ulcer models in rat. Gastric volume and free and total acidity were measured in PL model whereas; ulcerative index was measured in both the models at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg doses of MECL. Rats treated with MECL (300 mg/kg) showed significant decrease in the gastric volume, free acidity and total acidity in case of PL model and showed significant percentage inhibition of ulcer as indicated by decrease in ulcerative index in both the models. The extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds possesses good antioxidant and anti-ulcer activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-ulcerative potential of Citrullus lanatus seed extract in rats

In the present study antioxidant and antiulcer potential of Citrullus lanatus seeds were evaluated. Antioxidant activity of all the extracts (chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol) was measured by DPPH method. Methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus (MECL) seeds showed maximum antioxidant potential and was evaluated for its anti-ulcerogenic activity by pyloric ligated (PL) and water immersion stress (WIS) induced ulcer models in rat. Gastric volume and free and total acidity were measured in PL model whereas; ulcerative index was measured in both the models at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg doses of MECL. Rats treated with MECL (300 mg/kg) showed significant decrease in the gastric volume, free acidity and total acidity in case of PL model and showed significant percentage inhibition of ulcer as indicated by decrease in ulcerative index in both the models. The extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds possesses good antioxidant and anti-ulcer activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-ulcerative potential of Citrullus lanatus seed extract in rats

In the present study antioxidant and antiulcer potential of Citrullus lanatus seeds were evaluated. Antioxidant activity of all the extracts (chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol) was measured by DPPH method. Methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus (MECL) seeds showed maximum antioxidant potential and was evaluated for its anti-ulcerogenic activity by pyloric ligated (PL) and water immersion stress (WIS) induced ulcer models in rat. Gastric volume and free and total acidity were measured in PL model whereas; ulcerative index was measured in both the models at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg doses of MECL. Rats treated with MECL (300 mg/kg) showed significant decrease in the gastric volume, free acidity and total acidity in case of PL model and showed significant percentage inhibition of ulcer as indicated by decrease in ulcerative index in both the models. The extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds possesses good antioxidant and anti-ulcer activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Potential effect of Citrus decumana extract on stress induced peptic ulcer in rat

The present study was designed to investigate the antiulcer activity of ethyl acetate extract of Citrus decumana (grapefruit) peels. The antiulcerogenic activity was evaluated in water immersion and hypothermic restraint stress models at different doses (150, 250 and 350 mg/kg). The antiulcer potential of the extract was assessed by determining and comparing the ulcerative index and biochemical estimation was carried out using various oxidative stress markers i.e., TBARS, GSH, SOD and CAT in the blood and tissue samples. The highest dose (350 mg/kg) of the extract showed significant decrease in the ulcerative index and TBARS level, whereas there was increase in the GSH, SOD and CAT levels. Whereas the lowest and medium dose (150 mg/kg and 250mg/kg) did not produce any significant results. Therefore, our study indicate that the Citrus decumana peel extract may be used as a natural therapeutic agent in the treatment of peptic ulcers.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of Cucumis sativus seed extract

In the present study antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of the methanolic extract of Cucumis sativus seeds was evaluated. Extraction of the seeds was carried out using solvents of increasing polarity. The free radical scavenging activity of all the extracts was measured by DPPH and H2O2 methods. Methanolic extract of the seeds had shown significant antioxidant activity as compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extract. Hence, methanolic extract of C. sativus seeds (MECS) at a dose level of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg was further evaluated for its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced rat paw edema and analgesic activity by tail flick and tail immersion methods. Results were obtained in a dose dependent manner. MECS (300 mg/kg) had shown significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity as compared to diclofenac sodium and morphine, respectively. From the results it may be concluded that MECS have good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire