"Reporting of Two or More Races in the 1999 American Community Survey"

This paper investigates the causes of western Germany's remarkably poor performance since 1992. The paper challenges the view that the poor record of the nineties, particularly the marked deterioration in public finances since unification, might be largely attributable to unification. Instead, the analysis highlights the role of ill-timed and overly ambitious fiscal consolidation in conjunction with tight monetary policies of an exceptional length and degree. The issue of fiscal sustainability and Germany's fiscal and monetary policies are assessed both in the light of economic theory and in comparison to the best practices of other more successful countries. The analysis concludes that Germany's dismal record of the nineties must not be seen as a direct and apparently inevitable result of unification. Rather, the record arose as a perfectly unnecessary consequence of unsound macro demand policies conducted under the Bundesbank's dictate in response to it, policies that caused the severe and protracted de-stabilization of western Germany in the first place.

Reporting of Two or More Races In the 1999 American Community Survey

This study presents data on race, collected at selected sites throughout the country for the 1999 American Community Survey (ACS). In particular, the distribution of the population by race and Hispanic or Latino origin is examined, as are the reporting of multiple races, number of races, and major race combinations and the extent to which the race and Hispanic/Latino questions were not answered. Although the ACS sites were not intended to be a nationally representative sample, the study's results provide important insights into what might be learned from Census 2000.

In Situ and Quantitative Characterization of Solid Electrolyte Interphases

Despite its importance in dictating electrochemical reversibility and cell chemistry kinetics, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphitic anodes remains the least understood component in Li ion batteries due to its trace presence, delicate chemical nature, heterogeneity in morphology, elusive formation mechanism, and lack of reliable in situ quantitative tools to characterize it. This work summarizes our systematic approach to understand SEI live formation, via in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy, which provides topographic images and quantitative information about the structure, hierarchy, and thickness of interphases as function of electrolyte composition. Complemented by an ex situ chemical analysis, a comprehensive and dynamic picture of interphase formation during the first lithiation cycle of the graphitic anode is described. This combined approach provides an in situ and quantitative tool to conduct quality control of formed interphases