Clinical response based on assessment of skin biopsies and PASI and PGA.

<p>Clinical response based on assessment of skin biopsies and PASI and PGA.</p

Histological improvement by apilimod treatment.

<p>Histology and immunohistochemistry of one patient (1046) showing improved histology and clinical measures (58%reduction in PASI score) at week 12 in the 70mg QD apilimod treated group. Skin biopsies from non-lesions (left) and lesions (middle) at baseline and lesion at week 12 (right) were stained with H&E, K16, anti-CD3 Ab, anti-CD11c Ab, or anti- IL-12p40 Ab. Cells staining positive for CD3, CD11c and IL-12p40 are indicated (arrows).</p

<i>Ex vivo</i> stimulation of whole blood drawn 2h post 70mg dose as compared to the pre-dose in cytokine production.

<p>Whole blood drawn pre-dose and 2h post 70mg dose (<i>n</i>  =  10) were stimulated with 0.1% SAC within 24h of the draw, and the supernatants were analyzed for IL-12p70 (a), IL-10 (b), and GM-CSF (c). *, <i>p</i> ≤0.05; statistically significant differences between pre- and 2h post-dose.</p

Cellular phenotype in normal controls and psoriasis patients before and after 70mg QD treatment.

<p>Whole blood cells from normal controls and psoriasis patients were analyzed by cytometry for the cellular phenotype. Results shown are the percentile ranges based on cell counts (cells/µL) of peripheral CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, B cells, monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils from normal controls (<i>n</i>  =  16) and psoriasis patients in 70mg QD cohort (<i>n</i>  =  12) at baseline (week 0) and week 12. Plot: bottom line, 10^th%; bottom box, 25^th%; top box, 75^th%; top line, 90^th%. *, <i>p</i> < 0.05; **, <i>p</i> <0.01; statistically significant differences between before (week 0) and after (week 12) 70mg QD apilimod treatment in psoriasis patients.</p

Changes in the expression levels of IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-23p19, and IL-10 at week 2 in 70mg QD apilimod cohort.

<p>RNA was prepared from biopsies obtained from the psoriatic skin lesions at baseline (week 0) and week 2, and RT-PCR was performed for IL-12/IL-23p40 (a), IL-23p19 (b), and IL-10 (c). The expression levels were normalized to house keeping gene, hARP. Results shown are the expression levels of individuals in 70mg QD cohort (<i>n</i>  =  11, 3 histological responders, 8 histological non-responders). *, <i>p</i> ≤0.05; **, <i>p</i> ≤0.01; statistically significant differences between baseline and week 2.</p

Mean skin-infiltrating T cell and dendritic cell numbers.

1<p>Mean cell numbers of epidermal CD3⁺ (T cell) cells, dermal CD3⁺ cells, epidermal CD11c⁺ (dendritic cell) cells, and dermal CD11c⁺ cells per low-power field during treatment, with patients classified by response. There were 17 responders and 30 non-responders in the analysis.</p

<i>In vitro</i> effect of apilimod on IL-12p70, IL-10, GM-CSF, and IL-6 in human whole blood cells.

<p>Human whole blood from a normal volunteer was stimulated with 0.1% SAC in the presence of different concentrations of apilimod. Supernatants were tested for IL-12p70 (circles), IL-10 (triangles), GM-CSF (diamonds) and IL-6 (squares). Results are representative of one of three individual experiments with whole blood from different volunteers each time.</p

Alefacept (anti-CD2) causes a selective reduction in circulating effector memory T cells (Tem) and relative preservation of central memory T cells (Tcm) in psoriasis-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Alefacept (anti-CD2) causes a selective reduction in circulating effector memory T cells (Tem) and relative preservation of central memory T cells (Tcm) in psoriasis"</p><p>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/5/1/27</p><p>Journal of Translational Medicine 2007;5():27-27.</p><p>Published online 7 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1906741.</p><p></p

GSEA analysis of published gene sets.

a<p>Size, number of genes in gene set.</p>b<p>ES, enrichment score.</p>c<p>NES, normalized enrichment score.</p>d<p>CS, connectivity score.</p>e<p>REF, reference for gene set.</p

Enrollment flowchart.

<p>Enrollment flowchart.</p