Corneal Endothelial Cell Density and Morphology in Healthy Turkish Eyes

Purpose. To describe the normative values of corneal endothelial cell density, morphology, and central corneal thickness in healthy Turkish eyes. Methods. Specular microscopy was performed in 252 eyes of 126 healthy volunteers (M : F, 42 : 84). Parameters studied included mean endothelial cell density (MCD), mean cell area (MCA), coefficient of variation (CV) in cell size, percentage of hexagonal cells, and central corneal thickness (CCT). Results. The mean age of volunteers was 44.3±13.5 (range, 20 to 70) years. There was a statistically significant decrease in MCD (P<0.001; correlation, −0.388) and percentage of hexagonal cells, (P<0.001; correlation, −0.199) with age. There was also a statistically significant increase in MCA (P<0.001; correlation, 0.363) with increasing age. There was no statistically significant difference in MCD, MCA, CV in cell size, percentage of hexagonal cells, and CCT between genders and there was also no significant difference in these parameters between fellow eyes of subjects. Conclusions. Normotive data for the endothelium in the Turkish population are reported. Endothelial cell density in the Turkish eyes is less than that described in the Japanese, American, Chinese, and Filipino eyes and higher than that described in Indian, Thai, and Iranian eyes

Eye Injuries from Pencil Lead: Three Cases

Corneal stromal and/or penetrating ocular injuries from pencils and pencil lead are more common in childhood and may lead to intraocular infection or severe intraocular sterile inflammatory reaction. Herein we report 3 children with ocular trauma due to pencil lead injuries. The first case had corneal stromal injury caused by a pencil. In the second case, a pencil perforated the cornea and contacted the iris. In the third case, pencil lead perforated both the cornea and iris and reached the vitreous through the lens zonules. Intracameral triamcinolone (2 mg/0.05 mL) was injected after the pencil lead was removed from the eyeball. Topical anti-inflammatory and cycloplegic drops were prescribed. In conclusion, corneal and especially penetrating ocular injuries from pencil lead may have a good prognosis with the use of appropriate anti-inflammatory and prophylactic antibiotic treatment and follow-up

Effect of Hemifacial Spasm Intraocular Pressure Measurement

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of hemifacial spasm (HFS) on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. Methods. Twenty-four consecutive patients with HFS and 25 age-and gender-matched randomly selected eyes of healthy volunteers underwent corneal pachymetry and IOP measurements using Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and noncontact tonometer (NCT). IOP measurements were performed before (during HFS) and 2 weeks after Botox injections in HFS patients and in healthy volunteers without Botox injections. Results. There was no statistical difference between involved eye side and uninvolved eye side of HFS patients in measured central corneal thickness. Similarly, no difference was found between involved eye side of HFS patients and controls. There were no statistically significant differences comparing IOP values before treatment and levels measured at 2 weeks of Botox injections, either with GAT (p = 0 33, 0.11) or NCT (p = 0 80, 0.43) devices in the involved eyes and uninvolved eyes of patients with HFS, respectively. There were also no significant differences in these parameters (GAT (p = 0 63) and NCT (p = 0 54)) in controls. Conclusions. Contractions in facial muscles may not lead to significant increase in IOP in HFS patients. This result may help clinical decision making in the treatment of glaucoma patients with HFS. This trial is registered with NCT03390803

Evaluation of patients with orbital infections

Aim: Orbital tissue infections are common infections of childhood that can lead to severe complications. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the etiologic factors, diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment procedures in pediatric patients with orbital infections

Safety of prophylactic intracameral moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution after cataract surgery in patients with penetrating keratoplasty

AIM: To determine the safety of prophylactic intracameral moxifloxacin after cataract surgery in patients with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP)

Efficacy of fixation of the amniotic membrane on a symblepharon ring with continuous suturing in acute ocular chemical burn patients

Purpose To describe a modified non-traumatic amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) technique and evaluating its efficiency for the ocular surface injury after chemical burn were aimed. Methods Twenty eyes of 20 patients (F: 6, M: 14) with acute chemical burn for whom modified non-traumatic AMT was utilized were evaluated retrospectively. In this technique, amniotic membrane (AM) was fixated onto a symblepharon ring with continuous suturing. The healing time of the corneal epithelial defect due to ocular surface chemical injury and melting duration of AM were evaluated. Development of infection or symblepharon, recurrence or persistence of epithelial defect, corneal perforation and the ring falling out with AM were evaluated as complications. Results Mean age of the patients was 24.7 +/- 11.7 years old (14 months-40 years). Mean duration of applying the non-traumatic AMT after contact with the chemical agent was 8.4 +/- 6.2 days (2-21 days). The mean duration of the epithelial defect healing was 27.8 +/- 8.8 days (11-40 days) in the grade II, III, and IV (n = 12) cases, while in the grade V and VI (n = 8) cases, a persistent epithelial defect developed, and the mean duration of the epithelial defect healing was 83 +/- 23.1 days (42-120 days) (p = 0.0002). The mean melting duration of the AM was 22.7 +/- 10 days (10-42 days). Conclusion By using this modified AMT technique, AM can be utilized efficiently, easily, and non-traumatically in every center for the treatment of the ocular surface injury due to chemical burn

Corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in patients with acromegaly

Objective: Acromegaly has various impacts on many organs. The ophthalmologic effects of acromegaly have not yet been investigated in detail. The aim of the current study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative changes in corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness (CCT) of the patients with acromegaly

Histologic Findings of Corneal Buttons in Decompensated Corneas With Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome After Cataract Surgery.

Purpose:To report the histologic findings of penetrating keratoplasty buttons in decompensated corneas with toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) after a cataract surgery is performed.Methods:We evaluated the histologic findings of 16 corneal buttons of 16 patients who exhibited decompensation findings because of TASS by means of light microscopy. The patients were classified into 3 groups: The first group consisted of 5 corneal buttons with mild symptoms in which the central corneal thicknesses (CCTs) were 650 m, and the visual acuities (VAs) were 0.1. The second group consisted of 7 corneal buttons that exhibited moderate symptoms in which the CCTs were between 650 and 750 m and the VAs were between 0.1 and 0.03. The third group consisted of 4 corneal buttons that had severe symptoms in which the CCTs were 750 m and the VAs were 0.03.Results:Light microscopy showed endothelial cell loss, vacuolated and thinned epithelial cell layers, disturbed collagen bonds, and Descemet membrane invaginations in patients in group I. Group II corneal buttons exhibited inflammatory cells (lymphocytes) and extended intercellular space between the epithelial cells, wrinkled Bowman membrane separated from the stroma in some local areas, stromal edema, and early vascularization. In group III, endothelial and epithelial cell layer loss, wrinkled Descemet and Bowman membranes, inflammatory cells, and structurally disturbed collagen bonds located beneath the Bowman membrane, and a greater amount of vascularization in the area of inflammation were observed.Conclusions:The results of the histologic evaluation of the decompensated corneas caused by the TASS are compatible with the clinical severity of the disease. In mild cases, the histologic findings were insignificant; however, when the clinical situation deteriorated, histologic findings became increasingly worse