A Study On Two Malaysian Isolates Of Infectious Bronchitis Virus

This research was carried out to investigate whether the outbreak of Infectious Bronchitis (18) in Malaysia is due to the vaccine virus or the emergence of a new serotype which is different from the vaccine strains. The study involves the comparison between the two local isolates (PJ41 and PJ43) and the three reference strains (H120 , H52 and M41 ) of Massachusetts derivative. Initial characterisation of the two isolates involved a study on their basic properties such as morphologies, hemagglutinating activity, pathogenicity in embryonated chicken eggs and their adaptibility in primary and secondary tissue cultures with the aid of Acridine Orange (AO ) , indirect immunoperoxidase ( lIP) and indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) staining (to compare localisation of the RNA) and the Hematoxylin and Eosin staining ( H&E) (to compare morphologic changes in cell culture ).Both isolates and reference strains revealed a corona-like appearance under electron microscopy and formed pathognomonic lesions of toe curling and dwarfing of the embryo. The virus strains were indistinguishable in their ability to produce cytopathic effects in both primary and secondary cell cultures. The AO staining indicated that the virus possesses a RNA . lIP and IIF tests indicated that they are located in the cytoplasm of the cell.The hemagglutinating activity however, showed that this activity is not always their properties when one of the isolates, (PJ43 ) , and one of the reference strains, ( H52) ' were unable to agglutinate erythrocytes

Persistent effect of ivermectin against Haemonchus contortus in goats.

A study on the efficacy of ivermectin in goats and its persistent effect against H. contortus is presented. Eighteen goats naturally infected with H. contortus were used in the study.Ten goats were given a single sc injection of ivermectin at a dose rate of 200 micro g/kg, while the remaining 8 goats acted as untreated controls. Faecal samples were taken 2 days prior to treatment and for several days after treatment for up to 33 days. The ova counts of treated goats were reduced to zero 24 h after treatment. This ova count remained zero until day 29 post- treatment when only one goat had H. contortus ova in its faeces. The other treated goats did not show evidence of worm burden up to 33 days post-treatment

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of S1, S2, M, and N genes of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Malaysia

Two Malaysian infectious bronchitis virus isolates, MH5365/95 and V9/04 were characterized based on sequence and phylogenetic analyses of S1, S2, M, and N genes. Nucleotide sequence alignments revealed many point mutations, short deletions, and insertions in S1 region of both IBV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of S1 gene and sequences analysis of M gene indicated that MH5365/95 and V9/04 belong to non-Massachusetts strain. However, both isolates share only 77% identity. Analysis based on S1 gene showed that MH5365/95 shared more than 87% identity to several Chinese strains. Meanwhile, V9/04 showed only 67–77% identity to all the previously studied IBV strains included in this study suggesting it is a variant of IBV isolate that is unique to Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis suggests, although both isolates were isolated 10 years apart from different states in Malaysia, they shared a common origin. Analysis based on S2 and N genes indicated that both strains are highly related to each other, and there are fewer mutations which occurred in the respective genes

Serological prevalence of FeLV and FIV in cats in Peninsular Malaysia.

Feline Leukemia (Fel.V) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) are the two feline retroviruses that were studied in 65 client-owned cats from eight veterinary centres in selected areas throughout Peninsular Malaysia during a 4-week period. Blood samples were collected for serological tests using SensPERT®FeLV Ag/FIV Ab test kits. Five of 65 cats (7.69%) tested positive for the FeLV antigen and 10 cats (21.54%) tested positive for FIV antibodies. Only one cat had a dual infection. Chi square analysis revealed a significant association (P<0.05) between the health status and lifestyle of the cat and FeLV-positive status. FeLV infections were more likely to occur in a pedigree, adult male cat while FIV was more likely to infect the adult, intact cat that is aggressive towards other cats

Tissue culture isolation, electron microscopic characterization and PCR-detection of a betanodavirus isolated from diseased Asian sea bass.

A viral agent was successfully isolated from Asian sea bass juveniles (Letes calcarifer) exhibiting clinical signs of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in southern Malaysia on February 2008. Eyes and brains of diseased fish were pooled, extracted and filtered. The filtrates were inoculated on SSN-1 cells and incubated at 25°C. Cytopathic effect (CPE) recognized as rounded cells continued to aggregate and the vacuolation. Electron micrographs of the infected SSN-1 cells revealed icosahedral nucleocapsid virions with 22-28 nm in diameter. Viral harvest was resistant to chloroform and iodine treatments, which indicated that it was naked and contained RNA genome. Identification using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequence analysis of PCR product was conducted and gave a single PCR product at 460 bp in agarose gel, followed by nested PCR with specific primers for PCR products at 220 bp. Partial nucleotide sequence of the nervous necrosis virus coat protein gene showed 94.0-96.1% homology to the nucleotide sequences of coat protein gene from nervous necrosis virus isolated from other countries in the Southeast Asia

Serological prevalence and haematological profile of Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in semi-roamer and outdoor cats

Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is among the most common infectious diseases diagnosed in cats. In this study, 55 client-owned cats presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UVH-UPM) were sampled. Inclusion criteria were semi-roamer and outdoor cats aged more than 6 mont hs old. Blood samples were collected for serological testing us ing commercial immunochromatographic test kits and haematological an alysis. Of the 55 cats tested, 13 cats (23.6%) tested positive for FIV antibodies. There was a significant association (P<0.05) between neuter and health status to FIV seropositivity. FIV infect ions were more likely occured in intact cats compared to neutered cat s, and in sick cats compared to healthy cats. Erythrocytes, hemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly redu ced (P<0.05) in FIV cats compared to FIV-seronegative cats, however these parameters were within the normal range

Synthesis and characterization titanium dioxide nanocomposite by laser ablation for antimicrobial applications

A composite nanoparticle containing Titanium Dioxide is synthesized by pulsed laser ablation. Oxide nanoparticles NPs have wide ranges of physical, chemical and biological properties. The main advantages In the present work, studying the characterization of colloid TiO2 NPs were synthesis by PLAL and investigated the antibacterial activity of colloidal TiO₂ NPs compared to the antibacterial activity of synthesized composite nanoparticles was tested against four different pathogen bacteria two-gram negative (Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)), institute of bioscience UPM university kindly supplied these bacteria. The bacterial suspension was made and adjusted by comparison against 0.5Mc-Farland turbidity typical (5x107cell ml-1) tubes. It was further diluted to obtain a final of 5x106cell ml-1. All bacteria strains were culture in agar media. The media was inoculated by the 0.2ml/5ml with either the bacteria strains, then added 0.5ml of TiO₂ nanoparticles at concentration 200, 400,600ml-1. The samples were incubated at 37°C. The bacterial growth was measured by optical density that absorbs strongly at 532nm wavelength. Conclusion that is the mean values of inhibition were calculated from triple evaluation in each assessment