Sanctuary in the Midst of Crisis? a Look Into Shariah Indices Using Multivariate GARCH DCC

Islamic Finance has evolved over the past few decades, and stands at over a trilliondollars today. At the foundations of Islamic finance lay the concept of risk sharing, and the purest forms of it in the modern day finance is equity investments. The evidence of Islamic investors pursing equity investments in reality is thin. Multitude of reasons are attributed to this low participation, mainly revolving around lack of empirical proof of Islamic investments being a reliable and steady return alternative. This study is an attempt to study the volatilities and correlations with the conventional global equity indices utilizing Multivariate GARCH Dynamic Conditional Correlations (MGARCH DCC) method. The findings provide an interesting angleto our study, where there is a significant downwards trend in the correlations during the crisis era. This provides substance to the argument that Islamic investors would experience lesser downside in economic crisis. This study further dwells into the linkage of Islamic indices with global financial indices to study if financial sector exclusion from Islamic indices benefits theinvestors. The findings are positive, with lower correlations and that to reducing in the recent global crisis. Islamic finances core philosophy is equity based investments and this study is a humble attempt to empirically substantiate its benefits

The Incidence of Alternaria Species Associated with Infected Sesamum indicum L. Seeds from Fields of the Punjab, Pakistan

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Impact of Perceived Risk on Online Buying Behavior

In this paper, we will learn about online shopping and consumer-shopping behavior related to it. We will learn how two major type of perceived risks i.e environmental and behavioral risk makes an impact upon the online behavior of a consumer. Online shopping potentially allows commercial Web providers to collect much more detailed consumer behavior information than they can from most physical shopping trips. Commercial Web providers can collect not only the same information available in most physical transactionsmdashidentity, credit history, employment status, legal statusmdashbut such additional information as electronic address, specific history of goods and services searched for and requested, nbspother Internet sites visited, and contents of the consumerrsquos data storage device. Secondary use of information captured online can more easily follow individual-level behavior. Highly touted by many Internet marketers is the idea that data specifically linked to a single identifiable person can be used to customize a product or service to a potential customer, in the interest of maximizing the likelihood of consumer acceptance of the offer