Desarrollo de nuevas variedades de uva (Vitis vinifera L.) sin semilla mediante rescate de embriones

One of the main objectives of a grape breeding program is the development of seedless varieties. However, to achieve this it is necessary to combine the embryo rescue technique with classical genetics. The aim ofthis work was to develop hybrids from crosses with the following varieties of seedless grape: Perlette, Black Seedless, Crimson Seedless, Crispy, Flame, Superior, Princesa, Red Globe, Fiesta, Fresno and Thompson, used as father and mother. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field Costa ofHermosillo from the National Institute ofForestry, Agriculture and Livestock in 2009. 23 hybridizations were performed by pollinating flowers manually twice a day for three consecutive days. The berries were harvested at the beginning of veraison and taken to the laboratory where the surface was sterilized before isolating the seminal rudiment. The seminal rudiments were transferred to a culture medium where they were kept between 75 to 90 days; the rescued embryos from the seminal rudiments were transferred to an incubation medium for embryos. 3 163 berries were harvested from which 3 836 seminal rudiments were isolated. In 8.76% of rudiments, was possible to rescue embryos. From the rescued embryos, 32.14% developed seedlings, from which two were able to be transferred to a greenhouse. It is concluded that the use of classical genetics along with embryo rescue technique allows obtaining progeny ofhybrids with different varieties of seedless grapes.Uno de los objetivos principales de un programa de mejoramiento genético de uva es el desarrollo de variedades sin semilla. Sin embargo, para lograr esto se requiere combinar la técnica de rescate de embriones con la genética tradicional. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar híbridos de cruzas con las siguientes variedades de uva sin semilla: Perlette, Black Seedless, Crimson Seedless, Crispy, Flame, Superior, Princesa, Red Globe, Fiesta, Fresno y Thompson, utilizadas como padre y como madre. El experimento se realizó en el campo agrícola experimental Costa de Hermosillo del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias en el año 2009. Se realizaron 23 hibridaciones mediante la polinización de las flores manualmente dos veces al día durante tres días consecutivos. Las bayas fueron cosechadas al inicio del envero y trasladadas al laboratorio donde se esterilizaron superficialmente antes del aislamiento de los rudimentos seminales. Los rudimentos fueron transferidos a un medio de cultivo donde permanecieron entre 75 y 90 días y los embriones rescatados de los rudimentos transferidos a medio para incubación de embriones. Se cosecharon en total 3 163 bayas de las cuales se aislaron 3836 rudimentos seminales. En 8.76% de los rudimentos, fue posible rescatar embriones. De los embriones rescatados, 32.14% desarrollaron plántulas de las cuales fue posible transferir dos al invernadero. Se concluye que la utilización de la genética tradicional con apoyo del protocolo de rescate de embriones del presente trabajo permite la obtención de progenie de hibridaciones con diferentes variedades de uva sin semilla

The complete mitogenome of the invasive Japanese mud snail Batillaria attramentaria (Gastropoda: Batillariidae) from Elkhorn Slough, California, USA

Genomic analysis of the invasive marine snail Batillaria attramentaria from Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, California, USA using 150 bp paired-end Illumina sequences resulted in the assembly of its complete mitogenome. The mitogenome is 16,095 bp in length and contains 2 rRNA, 13 protein-coding, and 22 tRNA genes (GenBank Accession MN557850). Gene content and organization of B. attramentaria are identical to the Turritellidae and Pachychilidae. The phylogenetic analysis of B. attramentaria resolves it in a fully supported clade with these same two families in the superfamily Cerithioidea. Nucleotide BLAST searches of the Elkhorn Slough cox1 gene of B. attramentaria yielded identical sequences from invasive populations from California and British Columbia, and native populations from northeastern and central Japan. These data show that mitogenome sequencing is a useful tool for studying the classification and phylogenetic history Cerithioidea