Cephalometric Analysis for Gender Determination Using Maxillary Sinus Index: A Novel Dimension in Personal Identification

Purpose. Radiography is important in forensic odontology for the identification of humans. The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses and first to develop. Sinus radiography has been used for identification of skeletal remains and determination of gender. Hence, the aim and objectives of the present study were to establish a new method for gender determination using maxillary sinus index from lateral cephalometric radiographs and to establish the reliability of maxillary sinus for gender determination. Methods. A total of 50 adult digital lateral cephalometric radiographs (25 males and 25 females) were included in the study. The maxillary sinus analysis was performed on these radiographs using the height and width measurement tools of Sidexis XG software. Maxillary sinus index was calculated, discriminant function analysis performed, and discriminant equation derived for determination of gender. Results. The mean maxillary sinus height and width were found to be higher in males, whereas the maxillary sinus index was greater in females. The discriminant function analysis derived in the study was able to differentiate the sex groups with sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 76%. Conclusions. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that morphometric analysis of maxillary sinus can be used as a reliable tool in gender determination

Solar elastosis: Case report and review

Solar elastosis is degenerative dermal disease of the photodamaged skin, associated with aging and influenced by hereditary factors such as pigmentation, exposure to sunlight and wind. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal elastic tissue in the dermis. Solar elastotic syndromes include solar elastosis, Favre-Racouchot syndrome, elastotic nodules of the ears, collagenous and elastotic plaques of the hands, and colloid milia. The most common solar elastotic syndrome is solar elastosis. The chief etiological factors contributing to the lesion include chronic exposure to sunlight (ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation). Ultraviolet-A radiation causes erythema and its deep penetration into the dermis causes inexplicably chronic photodamage. Here, we present a case report of 32-year-old female with a distinctive clinical presentation

Tuberous sclerosis complex: A case report

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an unusual autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the development of benign tumors affecting different body systems affecting the brain, skin, retina, and viscera. It is characterized by cutaneous changes, neurologic conditions, and the formation of hamartomas in multiple organs leading to morbidity and mortality. The most common oral manifestations are fibromas, gingival hyperplasia, and enamel hypoplasia. The management of these patients is often multidisciplinary involving specialists from various fields. Here, we present a case report of a 26-old-year male patient with characteristic clinical, radiological, and histological features of tuberous sclerosis complex

Erupted complex composite odontoma: Report of two atypical cases

Odontomas are nonaggressive, hamartomatous developmental malformations of odontogenic origin. They are considered one of the most common odontogenic lesions composed by diverse dental tissues. They may interfere with the eruption of an associated tooth and are more prevalent in the posterior mandible. The eruption of a complex odontoma into the oral cavity is rare. Here, we report such two rare cases of gigantic erupted complex composite odontomas

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the maxilla: A rare case report and review

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) embody a diverse group of malignancies that originate from the lymphoid system. NHL often exhibit in an extranodal pattern, pertaining to the head and neck region. Intraoral sites are much less frequent, accounting for approximately 3.5% of all oral malignancies. Although the exact cause of NHL still remains inconspicuous, however, research has focused on some factors that may contribute to the development of lymphoma, including genetic factors, impaired immune system and viruses, such as HIV or EBV. Clinically, the bony lesion may present as localized or diffuse swelling, with low-grade pain, sweating, unexplained weight loss, fever, etc. Radiographically, these lesions resemble osteomyelitis or other malignancies creating a diagnostic dilemma. Microscopically, diffused lymphomas consist of large tumor cells with large nuclei that are more than twice the size of lymphocytes which may either exhibit centroblastic or immunoblastic features. Here, we report a rare case of NHL affecting the jaws of a 60-year-old male patient

Nonsurgical Management of Oral Mucocele by Intralesional Corticosteroid Therapy

Background. Oral mucocele is a common lesion resulting from an alteration of minor salivary glands due to mucus accumulation. Rapid appearance, specific location, history of trauma, bluish colour, and consistency help in the diagnosis. Conventional surgical removal is the treatment of choice but has several disadvantages like damage to adjacent ducts with further development of satellite lesions. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional corticosteroid injection (betamethasone) as a nonsurgical treatment procedure in oral mucoceles. Material and Method. A total of 20 cases (males and females, 10–30 years of age) with clinically diagnosed oral mucoceles were given 1 mL of betamethasone intralesionally. All the patients were examined after a period of 7, 14, and 21 days to evaluate the response of the lesion towards treatment and consequently given the 2nd, 3rd, 4th injections. If the lesion resolved after one or two injections, the treatment was discontinued. Results. Out of the 20 cases, 18 of them showed complete regression of the lesion whereas the remaining 2 cases showed decrease in size. All the patients received maximum of 4 consecutive shots in weekly interval. Conclusion. Intralesional corticosteroid therapy can be considered as the first choice in the treatment of oral mucoceles

Conservative approach in the management of oral pyogenic granuloma by sclerotherapy

Background: Pyogenic granuloma is a common, non-neoplastic reactive growth of the oral cavity. Treatment consists of conservative surgical excision, cryosurgery, or laser surgery. These are usually adequate but often result in scars and recurrence. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of sclerotherapy in the treatment of oral pyogenic granuloma. Materials and Methods: Forty clinically diagnosed cases of oral pyogenic granuloma were included in the study. After topical anesthesia application, 0.2–0.5 mL of sodium tetradecyl sulfate was delivered by insulin syringe into the base of lesions till the solution leaked out. Each patient was recalled after 1 week and evaluated. If the lesion did not resolve, second and third injections were given consecutively. Results: All the 40 patients showed complete regression of the lesion after one to four consecutive shots in weekly interval. Conclusion: Intralesional sclerotherapy can be considered as an effective non-surgical treatment procedure for oral pyogenic granuloma

Amplification of mast cell density in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa: A comparative study

Background: Mast cells are thought to be complex, multifaceted cells that are important for tumor angiogenesis and immunopathology. Mast cell buildup at the periphery of the tumor and their production of strong pro- and angiogenic chemicals may be signs of a tumor–host interaction that encourages tumor evolution. As a result, the current study's objective was to evaluate mast cell density (MCD) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy oral mucosa and to suggest their likely contribution to the growth and spread of the tumor. Methods: Ten cases of normal oral mucosa tissues and thirty OSCC patients with histological diagnoses of OSCC were both included in the research. Mast cell granules were examined on the slides under 10X and 40X magnification after being stained with 1% Toluidine blue. Results: The mean MCD was found to be greater in OSCC (83.59 ± 40.67) as compared to normal oral mucosa (30.26 ± 25.47). Conclusion: Assessment of mast cells in OSCC may serve as an angiogenesis promoter and the MCD appears to be a reliable prognostic marker with which patients at risk for recurrences can be identified