The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Asian Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer)

Abstract Objective Borassus flabellifer or Asian Palmyra palm is widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia and is horticultural and economic importance for its fruit and palm sugar production. However, its population is in rapid decline, and only a few genetic data are available. We sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of B. flabellifer to provide its genetic data for further utilization. Results The cp genome was obtained by Illumina sequencing and manual gap fillings providing 160,021 bp in length containing a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) with 27,256 bp. These IRs divide the genome into a large single copy region 87,444 bp and a small single copy region 18,065 bp. In total, 113 unique genes, 134 SSRs and 47 large repeats were identified. This is the first complete cp genome reported in the genus Borassus. A comparative analysis among members of the Borasseae tribe revealed that the B. flabellifer cp genome is, so far, the largest and the cp genomes of this tribe have a similar structure, gene number and gene arrangement. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed based on 74 protein-coding genes from 70 monocots demonstrates short branch lengths indicating slow evolutionary rates of cp genomes in family Arecaceae

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Additional file 2. Table S1. Gene annotation of the B. flabellifer cp genome. Table S2. Codon usages of the B. flabellifer cp genome. Table S3. Distribution of SSRs in the B. flabellifer cp genome. Table S4. Large repeat sequences in the B flabellifer cp genome. Table S5. Comparison of the sequence sizes in four cp genomes of the Borassaseae tribe

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Additional file 1. A schematic procedure for isolation and purification of the chloroplast from B. flabellifer (a). The procedure is divided into three main steps: leaf sample preparation and disruption, chloroplast isolation and chloroplast purification. A step sucrose gradient for chloroplast purification, before and after ultra-centrifugation (b). A quality assessment of purified cpDNA using EcoRI digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis (c). The left panel represents cpDNA and EcoRI treated cpDNA isolated from chloroplast pellets without sucrose gradient purification, while the right panel represents those that isolated from chloroplast pellets with sucrose gradient purification