Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Epidemiology

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by two partially distinct alimentary disease processes, namely Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), affecting genetically predisposed individuals. CD and UC were first described in 1932 and 1859, respectively. It is estimated that 1.5 million in North America and 2.5 million persons in Europe have IBD. The peak incidence of CD and UC is between 20–30 years and 30–40 years of age, respectively. Both incidence and prevalence of CD and UC are similar across males and females. However, several studies suggest a female predominance in CD and a male predominance in UC. The pathogenesis of IBD is attributed to an uncontrolled immune-mediated inflammatory response to an unrecognized environmental trigger that interacts with the intestinal flora. Various determinants of IBD include the following: peculiar environmental triggers, intestinal immune mechanisms, heritable factors, gut flora, diet, mesenteric fat, medications, nicotine, infectious agents, immunization, hygiene, pregnancy, breastfeeding, stress and lifestyle. Predominant complications in IBD are surgery, malnutrition, disease exacerbations and cancer. Patients with CD have a higher mortality compared to general population. Epidemiological studies continue to expand our understanding of the distribution, determinants and mechanisms of IBD. This has enabled us to recognize safer and effective approaches to management

The Impact of Opioid Epidemic Trends on Hospitalized Acute Pancreatitis Patients

Introduction: Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a public health crisis in the United States. OUD has been shown to have worse outcomes in patients with chronic conditions. Although opioids are widely used for pain management in acute conditions such as acute pancreatitis (AP), the impact of OUD on outcomes in patients with AP remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, trends and impact of OUD on outcomes in hospitalized patients with AP. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using the national inpatient sample (NIS) database from 2005-2014. Patients with a primary diagnosis of AP and OUD-related diagnosis were included. OUD-related diagnosis were identified using previously published studies. The primary outcome was to evaluate the prevalence and trend of OUD in hospitalized AP patients over time. Secondary outcomes were to assess the impact of OUD: i) in-hospital mortality, and ii) healthcare resource utilization (length of stay and total hospitalization costs). We used a multivariable regression analysis to adjust for potential confounders. Results: A total of 2,593,831 patients were hospitalized with AP from 2005-2014, out of which 37,829 (1.5%) had concomitant diagnosis of OUD. The prevalence of OUD in AP has doubled over the last decade from 1% in 2005 to 2.1% in 2014 [Figure 1]. After adjusting for potential confounders, AP patients with OUD had increased odds of in-hospital mortality [aOR: 1.4, (95 % CI: 1.2 – 1.7, P\u3c0.001)]. Patients with AP who had OUD were found to have significantly higher adjusted mean length of stay (adjusted mean difference: 1.3 days, (95% CI: 1.3-1.4), P\u3c0.001) and total hospitalization cost (adjusted mean difference: $2353, (95% CI: 2179-2508), p\u3c0.001) [Table 1]. Conclusions: OUD is an independent predictor of mortality and increased healthcare resource utilization in patients hospitalized with AP. The opioid epidemic is not only leading to worse outcomes in patients with chronic medical conditions as previously thought, but these patients also have worse outcomes when hospitalized for an acute pathology such as acute pancreatitis. Opioids should be prescribed judiciously in patients with acute pancreatitis upon discharge from the hospital

Book of Abstracts of the 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences (ICAMCS-2022)

It is a great privilege for us to present the abstract book of ICAMCS-2022 to the authors and the delegates of the event. We hope that you will find it useful, valuable, aspiring, and inspiring. This book is a record of abstracts of the keynote talks, invited talks, and papers presented by the participants, which indicates the progress and state of development in research at the time of writing the research article. It is an invaluable asset to all researchers. The book provides a permanent record of this asset. Conference Title: 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational SciencesConference Acronym: ICAMCS-2022Conference Date: 12-14 October 2022Conference Organizers: DIT University, Dehradun, IndiaConference Mode: Online (Virtual