The Indian Exchange Rate and Central Bank Action : A GARCH Analysis

We study, with daily and monthly data sets, the impact of conventional monetary policy measures such as interest rates, intervention and other quantitative measures, and of Central Bank communication on exchange rate volatility. Since India has a managed float, we also test if the measures affect the level of the exchange rate. Using dummy variables in the best of an estimated family of GARCH models, we find forex market intervention to be the most effective of all the CB instruments evaluated for the period of analysis. We also find that CB communication has a large potential but was not effectively used.exchange rate volatility, monetary policy, intervention, communication, GARCH

The Indian exchange rate and central bank action: A GARCH analysis

We study, with daily and monthly data sets, the impact of conventional monetary policy measures such as interest rates, intervention and other quantitative measures, and of Central Bank communication on exchange rate volatility. Since India has a managed float, we also test if the measures affect the level of the exchange rate. Using dummy variables in the best of an estimated family of GARCH models, we find forex market intervention to be the most effective of all the CB instruments evaluated for the period of analysis. We also find that CB communication has a large potential but was not effectively used.exchange rate volatility, monetary policy, intervention, communication, GARCH

Winning against MNCs in emerging markets: strategies of domestic firms in India

The study addresses the less-explored issue of how domestic companies in the emerging markets counter the challenges from the multinational corporations (MNCs) on their own turf. Prior literature on the topic widely adopts a pessimist approach towards domestic firms and argues that global companies enjoy significant advantages over domestic firms in head-to-head competition. This study contradicts these arguments by developing in-depth case studies and analysing competitive strategies of the domestic firms in India based on triangulation of primary and secondary data. The study qualitatively identifies the competitive strategies of 3 successful and growing Indian firms possessing a significant market share in their respective industries. Indian empirical context was adopted as the number of studies focusing on the strategies implemented by MNCs in India is higher and a little has been studied about how Indian firms developed competitive advantage and responded to the challenges by MNCs. Analysis broadly supports and concludes that domestic companies that are ambitious and growth-oriented are set to grow in influence and reach, despite head-to-head competition with the MNCs. Keywords: Emerging markets, Competitive strategies, Competitive advantage, Domestic firms, MNCs, Indi

Winning against MNCs in emerging markets: strategies of domestic firms in India

The study addresses the less-explored issue of how domestic companies in the emerging markets counter the challenges from the multinational corporations (MNCs) on their own turf. Prior literature on the topic widely adopts a pessimist approach towards domestic firms and argues that global companies enjoy significant advantages over domestic firms in head-to-head competition. This study contradicts these arguments by developing in-depth case studies and analysing competitive strategies of the domestic firms in India based on triangulation of primary and secondary data. The study qualitatively identifies the competitive strategies of 3 successful and growing Indian firms possessing a significant market share in their respective industries. Indian empirical context was adopted as the number of studies focusing on the strategies implemented by MNCs in India is higher and a little has been studied about how Indian firms developed competitive advantage and responded to the challenges by MNCs. Analysis broadly supports and concludes that domestic companies that are ambitious and growth-oriented are set to grow in influence and reach, despite head-to-head competition with the MNCs. Keywords: Emerging markets, Competitive strategies, Competitive advantage, Domestic firms, MNCs, Indi

The Indian Exchange Rate and Central Bank Action: A GARCH Analysis

We study, with daily and monthly data sets, the impact of conventional monetary policy measures such as interest rates, intervention and other quantitative measures, and of Central Bank communication on exchange rate volatility. Since India has a managed float, we also test if the measures affect the level of the exchange rate. Using dummy variables in the best of an estimated family of GARCH models, we find forex market intervention to be the most effective of all the CB instruments evaluated for the period of analysis. We also find that CB communication has a large potential but was not effectively used.exchange rate volatility, monetary policy, intervention, communication, GARCH

The Indian exchange rate and central bank action: A GARCH analysis

We study, with daily and monthly data sets, the impact of conventional monetary policy measures such as interest rates, intervention and other quantitative measures, and of Central Bank communication on exchange rate volatility. Since India has a managed float, we also test if the measures affect the level of the exchange rate. Using dummy variables in the best of an estimated family of GARCH models, we find forex market intervention to be the most effective of all the CB instruments evaluated for the period of analysis. We also find that CB communication has a large potential but was not effectively used

Exosome-mediated delivery and regulation in neurological disease progression

Exosomes (EXOs), membranous structures originating from diverse biological sources, have recently seized the attention of researchers due to their theranostic potential for neurological diseases. Released actively by various cells, including stem cells, adipose tissue, and immune cells, EXOs wield substantial regulatory influence over the intricate landscape of neurological complications, exhibiting both positive and negative modulatory effects. In AD, EXOs play a pivotal role in disseminating and breaking down amyloid-β protein. Moreover, EXOs derived from mesenchymal stem cells showcase a remarkable capacity to mitigate pro-inflammatory phenotypes by regulating miRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases. These vesicles possess the unique ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, governing the aggregation of mutant huntingtin protein. Understanding the exosomal functions within the CNS holds significant promise for enhancing treatment efficacy in neurological diseases. This review intricately examines the regulatory mechanisms involving EXOs in neurological disease development, highlighting therapeutic prospects and exploring their utility in exosome-based nanomedicine for various neurological complications. Additionally, the review highlights the challenges associated with drug delivery to the brain, emphasizing the complexities inherent in this critical aspect of neurotherapeutics.<br/

Drug delivery systems of gefitinib for improved cancer therapy: A review

Lung cancer is an uncontrolled and abnormal mass of growing cells with the highest mortality rate in the world. Progressive lung cancer shows a robust resistance to cancer therapy; today no acceptable therapeutic results are achieved with drugs. Gefitinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor and blocks the proliferation of downstream signals that prevent cancer cells from proliferating by inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. It also increases survival rates in patients with progressive lung cancer. Gefitinib belongs to the BCS class II drugs and due to its low bioavailability; its clinical use has been severely restricted. In recent years, several research papers have been published on the use of nanoparticles to increase therapeutic efficacy and drug targeting in lung cancer. Furthermore, to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of gefitinib, nanoparticles have been extensively studied and several nanoparticles including polymers, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nano cells, albumin, and silica nanoparticles have been developed for the treatment of lung cancer. All of these nanocarriers have improved targeted gefitinib treatment of lung cancer and improved nanomedicines for lung cancer treatment. This article provides an overview of various nanotechnology-based carrier systems of gefitinib such as polymeric, lipidic, albumin, and silica nanoparticles for lung cancer therapy. It also discusses the targeted and responsive delivery of gefitinib along with a combination strategy for better therapeutic efficacy. We believe that this manuscript will bring important information for formulation scientists to overcome the biopharmaceutical challenges associated with gefitinib for better clinical outcomes