The frequency of various indications for plain chest radiography in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi (Nauth)

Background: With soaring advances in the field of medicine, the place of older radiologic imaging modalities is being reduced to basic screening tools. Yet the modern imaging modalities like computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound and nuclear medicine are hardly available.Study Objectives: To study the frequency of various indications of plain chest radiography, remind us of its uses and to enhance the preparedness of the department to maximally accomplish the ideals of this investigation.Methodology: A total of 1476 consecutive patients for chest radiography in the department of radiology, NAUTH, Nnewi from the period of February 2009 and whose request form contain adequate data were recruited for this study. These data were analyzed using SSPS.Results: A total of 1476 patient were included in this study. There was female preponderance with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Mean Age of the patients is 39.32 years (std19.56). The most frequent indication for chest radiography is certain infections and parasitic diseases (40.9% and the greatest source of referral for this study is General outpatient (GOPD)/family medicine department.Conclusion: The most frequent indications for chest radiography in the study are certain infection and parasitic diseases. Chest Radiography is the most frequent plain radiography study in our environment where infectious diseases are still very rampant. This makes chest radiography an important study for screening patient for possible diagnosis and classifying the need for further radiographic investigation of our patients.Keywords: Frequency, indications, infections, plain chest radiograph, screeningNigerian Journal of Clinical Practice • Oct-Dec 2013 • Vol 16 • Issue

Correlation of ultrasound measured testicular volume with waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and conicity index in Nigerian adults

Background: Accurate testicular volume measurement is one way to assess testicular function. Some obese males exhibit altered levels of circulating sex steroids; decreased levels of total testosterone (T) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and increased estrogens levels. Some anthropometric measurements are markers for obesity.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the correlation of testicular volume measured by ultrasound with some anthropometric measurements: Waist circumference, Hip circumference, Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), and Conicity Index in adult males.Methodology: One hundred and twenty-five adult male subjects comprising staff and students of a University Teaching Hospital, were recruited. The subjects' height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured and used to calculate the WHR and Conicity Index. Ultrasound measurement of the length, width and height of both testes were done and used to calculate the volumes.Results: The age of the subjects ranged from 19 to 29 years with a mean of 23.48±2.26. The mean ultrasound testicular volumes for the right and left testes were: 15.38±3.29ml and 15.29±3.89ml using the first formula; 22.86±5.43ml and 23.54±6.88ml for second formula; 21.20±5.28ml and 20.87±5.35ml for the third formula respectively. The calculated mean for height, weight, Waist circumference, Hip circumference, WHR and Conicity Index were: 174.64±6.36cm, 68.68±8.25kg, 77.51±5.44cm, 88.76±4.46cm, 0.87±0.40 and 1.14±0.05 respectively. The left, right and combined testicular volumes showed weak negative correlation with the Waist circumference, Hip circumference, WHR and Conicity Index.Conclusion: Ultrasound measured testicular volume showed weak negative correlation with the Waist circumference, Hip circumference, WHR and Conicity Index in Nigerian adults.Key words: Ultrasound, testicular volumes, waist-hip ratio, conicity index, Nigerian adult

Radiological evalution of civilian gunshot injuries in Nauth, Nnewi

This study is meant to evaluate Civilian gunshot injuries in the city of Nnewi with a view of finding the pattern of injuries and background ofaffected individual. It is also aimed to bring to the fore the fact that even our easily available plain radiographic studies will localize the pellets, identify some important damages caused by the pellets and help us in planning for management even in the absence of other complex radiological investigative modalities like computed Tomographic scanners, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Angiographic studies and interventional techniques /procedures. All gunshot injuries investigated in the Department of Radiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (NAUTH) between December 1998 – April 2000 were qualified for this work. The films were reviewed as to location of the pellets to enable the surgeon plan for possible extraction. Twenty-five (25) such patients were reviewed in this study. This showed a male/female ratio of 8.1. The age range of subjects was between 18 – 65 years with a mean age of 35years. The model age involved was 20 – 30 years. The commonest site involved as shown by this study was the lower limb ( from pelvic 5 to the foot). The main source of referral was the Accident & Emergency Unit

Synchronous Retrograde and Micturating Cysto Urethrography A Modification

Background: Retrograde Urethrography (RUG) combined with Micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) is imaging method of choice for studying the urethra and its 1-9 abnormalities . Though there are many modern imaging modalities that are also useful but these are not available in most developing countries. Even the standard method of doing the conventional Urethrography using penile clamp cannot be done in our centre because this is not also available. This led us to this study to help us maximize results by improvising on the available technique. Objective: To demonstrate a local modification of method for synchronous/ combined RUG and MCUG. Method: This is a method in which Foley’s catheter, amputated needle cap, and syringe are used to inject contrast into the lower urinary tract to help define the calibre and outline of these structures during the combined RUG and MCUG. Result: This combined technique demonstrates clearly, the anatomy of the lower urinary tract - urethra and bladder. It shows the length of stricture, where this exists. Conclusion: This method of synchronous RUG and MCUG is cheap, available and readily transferable and helps to demonstrate various pathologies of the lower urinary tract. This is recommended in places where materials for other methods of urethrography are deficient. Key words: Retrograde urethrography, micturating cysto urethrography, modificatio